Fixes https://github.com/flutter/flutter/issues/2436

Rather than managing all the Material Design icons manually, we now
manage them using an icon font. The icon font contains glyphs for each
icon in an efficient vector format.

This patch updates the FLX tooling to include the MaterialIcons font and
updates the Icon widget to use the font instead of asset images.

Fixes #2313
Fixes #2218
Fixes #2009
Fixes #994

Each layer is supposed to reexport the parts of the previous layer
that are part of its API.

- In painting.dart, export from dart:ui all the Canvas-related APIs
  that make sense to be used at higher levels, e.g. PaintingStyle.

- Delete painting/shadows.dart. It was dead code.

- In rendering/object.dart, export all of painting.dart.

- In widgets/basic.dart, export all of painting.dart and
  animation.dart. Some classes in animation/ are renamed to make this
  less disruptive and confusing to the namespace.

- Split out Stocks back into an import model rather than a part model,
  so that it's easier to manage its dependencies on a per-file basis.

- Move Ticker to scheduler library.

- Remove as many redundant imports as possible now.

- Some minor nit picking cleanup in various files.

This patch removes Performance and AnimationValue now that we've ported the
framework over to AnimationController and Tween. This patch also cleans up the
names of the AnimationController classes now that they don't have to avoid
conflicts with the old animation API. Specifically, I've made the following
renames:

 * Animated -> Animation
 * Evaluatable -> Animatable
 * PerformanceStatus -> AnimationStatus

This patch is just renames and moving code around. There aren't any changes in
behavior.

Providing a pre-built child is more efficient because we don't need to rebuild
the child every tick of the animation.

This patch moves Navigator and related code over to using
AnimationController.

Also, clean up the class hierarchy for AnimationController now that
we've renamed progress to value. That means everything in the hierarchy
now has a value, include Watchable. This patch renames Watchable to
Animated<T>, which lets us use that type almost everywhere.

I've added some ducktape to modal bottom sheets to avoid having to
refactor all of Navigator to use AnimationController. I'll remove the
ducktape in the next patch.

Previously we used a positional argument for widgets that had multiple
children. Now we use a named argument that defaults to an empty list.

Fixes #241

Previously we didn't distinguish between canceling the menu (which
popped the route with no return value, i.e. null) and explicitly
selecting an item whose value is null (pop with value null). Both fired
onChange(null).

Now we box the return value so we can distinguish the two cases.

I would have preferred to just disallow "null" as a value but it turns
out people like being able to use "null" as a value for much the same
reason we do, and it seems best for us to pay the complexity cost of
boxing than having everyone else do it. :-)

Fixes https://github.com/flutter/flutter/issues/948.
I hope.

After this patch, if you try to use a widget that depends on being enclosed in
a material, you now get an assert and a debugPrint if you're not inside a
material.

Fixes #243

Factor out a reusable interface called Decoration from BoxDecoration.

Make all the consumers of BoxDecoration and the erstwhile BoxPainter
into consumers of Decoration.

Make a BoxPainter be something you get from a Decoration, rather than
something to which you pass a BoxDecoration.

Rename Shape to BoxShape now that it's documented specifically as
applying to boxes.

Move EdgeDims to its own file.

Move FractionalOffset up so that it's with the other helper classes in
its file rather than alone at the end.

Minor change to RenderClipOval's hit testing to avoid taking an
unnecessary square root.

Rename BoxDecorationPosition to DecorationPosition since
RenderDecoratedBox now takes any Decoration.

Implement hit testing for rounded rects.

Rename AnimatedBoxDecorationValue to AnimatedDecorationValue, and make
it support lerping across any Decoration (by deferring to the objects
involved).

Now use use the route's getPosition function to position the drop-down menu.
Also, fix a number of other related bugs that blocked the dropdown button from
working correctly. The dropdown menu still has the following issues:

1) In the exit animation, the background of the menu disappears too quickly
   because of incorrect paint bounds computations in the layer tree.
2) The drop down menu isn't positioned correctly after the device rotates.
   We'll need to address this issue in a separate patch.

Fixes #630

Instead of separate functions for the 0->1 and 1->2 transitions, just
have one function.

To make it easier to avoid pushing twice in one frame, provide a
transaction mechanism for the navigator.

- Removed the concept of ephemeral routes.
- Renamed the two _MenuRoutes to _PopupMenuRoute and _DropDownRoute.
- Added type arguments in various places:
  - DropDownMenu
  - _DropDownRoute
  - _ModalBottomSheetRoute
  - PopupMenuItem
  - _PopupMenu
  - _PopupMenuRoute
- Made _ModalBottomSheetRoute, the two ex _MenuRoutes, and _DialogRoute
  all inherit from ModalRoute, via PopupRoute.
- Change "Dropdown" and "DropDown" to "DropDown" consistently.
- Made MaterialPageRoute inherit from PageRoute.
- Made ModalBarrier not create a box if it's always transparent.
- Exposed the Futures on TransitionRoutes.
- Fixed that menus were no longer dismissable by tapping the modal
  barrier.

The old name was confusing.

Fixes #462

Many of the widgets that use CustomPaint were spamming repaints because
CustomPaint repaints when the identity of the onPaint callback changes, which
it does every build for StatelessComponents.

This patch changes CustomPaint to use a CustomPainter, similar to the new
custom layout widgets. The CustomPainter has a `shouldRepaint` function along
with its `paint` function. This function gives clients explicit control over
when the custom paint object repaints.

Shadows now render as three seprate MaskFilter.blur components per the most recent Material spec.

The shadows Map was replaced by a similar Map called elevationToShadow with entries that match the 10 elevations specifed by http://www.google.com/design/spec/what-is-material/elevation-shadows.html.

The "level" property (many classes) is now called "elevation", to match the Material spec.

BoxShadow now includes a spreadRadius parameter - as in CSS box-shadow. Renamed the BoxShadow blur property to blurRadius to further align BoxShadow with CSS box-shadow.

It's common to want a scrolling viewport but with padding around the
contents. Teaching Block about this makes the places that do this
substantially simpler and further buries ScrollableViewport and
BlockBody (they're now only used in scrollable.dart).

Previously, we passed widgets up the hierarchy to display them in the overlay,
but that breaks the change propagation logic because those widgets won't get
rebuilt.  Now we pass WidgetBuilders instead, which can be rebuilt when the
overlay rebuilds.

Fixes #1913

This patch introduces the notion of a ModalRoute that puts up a modal barrier
and makes the route invisible to hit testing when its animating out. This patch
also uses this mechanism in a number of places (including PageRoute). There are
still a few more cases to convert, but that's work for a future patch.

Fixes #1684

The name of the parameter wasn't consistent with IconButton or DrawerItem, etc.

Fixes #1871

Material design icons are defined to work at specific sizes: 18, 24, 36, 48.
The current API doesn't reflect that and just takes a size int. If an invalid
size is chosen an error is printed to the console and no icon shows up.

Fixes #1816

This makes skyanalyzer also check the examples, and fixes everything it
found there.

Adds a dropdown menu button as shown in the Material design spec here: https://www.google.com/design/spec/components/buttons.html#buttons-dropdown-buttons. It's the video at the bottom of this section of the Material design spec.

This version of the component doesn't deal with scrollable menus or
constrain the height of the menu.