* Reland "Nnbd widgets (#64672)"

This reverts commit 127e6790.

* remove non-nullable enforcement on AsyncSnapshot

* make data param non-nullable for AsyncSnapshot.withData

* make some Text params non-nullable

This reverts commit e682ec71.

* migrate widget to nullsafety

* remove double blank line after license

* address review comments in actions.dart

* nullable ObjectKey.value

* use local variable oldElement

* make State.build non-nullable

* make State.context non-nullable

* newline at eof

* make ProxyWidget.child non-nullable

* make _InactiveElements.debugContains non-nullable

* make Element.depth non-nullable

* make ProxyElement.build non-nullable

* make StatefulElement.state non-nullable

* remove 'Notice that'

* avoid cast of list in RenderObjectElement.updateChildren

* make IndexedSlot.value non-nullable

* avoid cast of list in MultiChildRenderObjectElement.mount

* make some WidgetsApp parameters non-nullable

* hitTest take non-nullable position

* make ScrollableState.position non-nullable

* use _pixels instead of pixels

* make ViewportOffset.pixels non-nullable

* make param and return type of IndexedWidgetBuilder non-nullable

* unused_import

* make context param non-nullable for Builder in animated_list.dart

* make ScrollMetrics.viewportDimension non-nullable

* make ScrollMetrics.{min,max}ScrollExtent non-nullable

* make _Location.file non-nullable

* _WidgetForTypeTests.createElement throw UnimplementedError

* update _NullWidget.build error message

* make _ShortcutsState.manager non-nullable

* Fix childCount issues for NNBD

* fix childCount computation on web

* increase max value on js side to compute childCount

* make aspect parameter of dependOnInheritedWidgetOfExactType nullable

* merge has{min,max}ScrollExtent into hasScrollExtents

* update focus_manager.dart

* address review comments in icon.dart

* address review comments in image.dart

* address review comments in routes.dart

* address review comments in scroll_activity.dart

* update doc comments

* make UserScrollNotification.direction non-nullable and required

* rename hasScrollExtents to hasContentDimensions

* unnecessary late
Co-authored-by: Ian Hickson <ian@hixie.ch>

Remove dependency on package:collection by moving mergeSort into foundation/collections.dart (#59521)

This removes a dependency from Flutter (package:collection) by copying the implementation of mergeSort into Flutter's foundation/collections.dart.

Also, removed a reference to UnmodifiableSetView from the shortcuts code by just returning a copy instead.

* add language version 2.8 in packages/flutter

* enable non-nullable analyzer flag

This adds an ExcludeFocus widget that prevents widgets in a subtree from having or obtaining focus. It also adds the ability for a FocusNode to conditionally prevent its children from being focusable when it isn't focusable (i.e. when canRequestFocus is false).

It does this by adding an descendantsAreFocusable attribute to the FocusNode, which, when false, prevents the descendants of the node from being focusable (and removes focus from them if they are currently focused).

This updates the Action API in accordance with the design doc for the changes: flutter.dev/go/actions-and-shortcuts-design-revision

Fixes #53276

This converts Diagnosticable to be a mixin instead of an abstract class, so that it can be used to add diagnostics to classes which already have a base class.

It leaves in place the DiagnosticableMixin mixin, since there are some plugins that are still using it, and removing it would mean that those plugins wouldn't work with master branch Flutter anymore. DiagnosticableMixin will be removed once this mixin version of Diagnosticable makes its way to the stable branch.

Remove deprecated DefaultFocusTraversal widget

This re-lands #49235 with the addition of includeSemantics flag on the Focus widget so that the FocusTraversalGroup can create a Focus widget without affecting the semantics tree.

The FocusTraversalGroup uses the Focus widget to create a grouping of descendants for traversal, but doesn't actually participate in focus (canRequestFocus is always false), so we don't want it to add a Semantics widget in that case, since that can cause semantics changes. The canRequestFocus attribute can also be used when a widget is disabled, so we do sometimes want to include Semantics even if that is false, but not in the case where it is always false, as for FocusTraversalGroup.

- Added a test to make sure that FocusTraversalGroup doesn't add any semantics information.

This reverts commit 8ef5e2f0 because it breaks some semantics tests.

This change adds a way to provide explicit focus order for a part of the widget tree.

It adds FocusTraversalPolicyGroup, which in many ways is similar to DefaultFocusTraversal, except that it groups a widget subtree together so that those nodes are traversed as a group. DefaultFocusTraversal doesn't work as one would expect: If there is more than one DefaultFocusTraversal inside of a focus scope, the policy can change depending on which node was asked to move "next", which can cause unexpected behavior. The new grouping mechanism doesn't have that problem. I deprecate DefaultFocusTraversal in this PR.

It also adds OrderedFocusTraversalPolicy, which is a policy that can be supplied to FocusTraversalPolicyGroup to set the policy for a sub-tree. It looks for FocusTraversalOrder inherited widgets, which use a FocusOrder to do the sorting. FocusOrder has two subclasses: NumericalFocusOrder (which sorts based on a double), and LexicalFocusOrder, which sorts based on a String.

As part of doing this, I refactored the way FocusTraversalPolicy is implemented so that it has more default implementation methods, and exposes a new protected member: sortDescendants, which makes it easier for developers to make their own policy subclasses: they only need to implement sortDescendants to get a new ordering behavior, but can also still override any of the default implementation behaviors if they need different behavior.

I was able to do this without breaking the API (AFAICT).

This normalizes all of the "See also" blocks in comments so that they conform in style.

They all look like this now:

  /// See also:
  ///
  ///  * [MyFavoriteWidget], because it's cool.
  class Foo {}

I removed some useless "See also" blocks, and added commentary to ones that were just "bare" references.

This is my penance for adding so many bullets that are "-" instead of "*". :-)

* implicit-casts:false in flutter/lib/src/widgets

* address review comments

* address review comment

* Update project.pbxproj files to say Flutter rather than Chromium

Also, the templates now have an empty organization so that we don't cause people to give their apps a Flutter copyright.

* Update the copyright notice checker to require a standard notice on all files

* Update copyrights on Dart files. (This was a mechanical commit.)

* Fix weird license headers on Dart files that deviate from our conventions; relicense Shrine.

Some were already marked "The Flutter Authors", not clear why. Their
dates have been normalized. Some were missing the blank line after the
license. Some were randomly different in trivial ways for no apparent
reason (e.g. missing the trailing period).

* Clean up the copyrights in non-Dart files. (Manual edits.)

Also, make sure templates don't have copyrights.

* Fix some more ORGANIZATIONNAMEs

This adds the ability to scroll and page up/down in a Scrollable using the keyboard. Currently, the macOS bindings use Platform.isMacOS as a check, but we'll switch that to be defaultTargetPlatform == TargetPlatform.macOS once that exists.

No code changes, just comments: I spell-checked all the comments in the repo.

* make BuildContext.{ancestorStateOfType,ancestorRenderObjectOfType,rootAncestorStateOfType} generic

* make BuildContext.inheritFromWidgetOfExactType generic

* make BuildContext.ancestorInheritedElementForWidgetOfExactType generic

* make BuildContext.ancestorWidgetOfExactType generic

* fix snippet

* bump scoped_model on temp version

* update names

* Revert "bump scoped_model on temp version"

This reverts commit d1fcbba028cdb07f44738d1652391692d1ea5ec0.

* address review comments

* fix ci

* address review comments

* repeat the deprecation notice

* fix uppercase

* use of recommanded deprecation syntax

* address review comment

Before this change, it was possible to move the focus onto a control that was no longer in the view using focus traversal. This changes that, so that when a control is focused, it makes sure that if it is the child of a scrollable, that the scrollable attempts to keep it in view. If it is already in view, then nothing scrolls.

When asked to move in a direction, the focus traversal code tries to find a control to move to inside the scrollable first, and then looks for things outside of the scrollable only once the scrollable has reached its limit in that direction.

This adds accessors for WidgetsBinding.instance.focusManager and WidgetsBinding.instance.focusManager.primaryFocus so that they can be more easily found in IDEs and accessed.

This adds a top level getter for WidgetsBinding.instance.focusManager.primaryFocus called primaryFocus, and a static accessor FocusManager.instance that returns WidgetsBinding.instance.focusManager.

Fixes directional focus traversal when there are no available nodes to traverse to.

In #42533, I disabled the up/down arrows for focus navigation in text fields, but we thought of a better way to do it, so this is that better way.

This change reverts the other change, and instead it tests the context of the node in the action to see if it's an EditableText node. If so, then it doesn't do the navigation action.

This attempts to reland #40186 and #41220, that were reverted in #41945.

The main modifications from the original PRs are that I predefine the shortcuts and actions maps instead of defining them inline in the build function, and I use a new mapEquals to do a deep comparison so that we don't rebuild modified things if the contents of the map haven't changed.

I also eliminated an operator== and hashCode that were defined on the Actions widget, since widgets shouldn't have those. (it's too bad though: I get an 85% speedup if we leave this in! Too bad it prevents rebuilding of the children...)

Fixes #40101

This adds the default shortcuts and actions for keyboard-based focus traversal of apps.

This list of shortcuts includes shortcuts for TAB, SHIFT TAB, RIGHT_ARROW, LEFT_ARROW, UP_ARROW, DOWN_ARROW, and the four DPAD keys for game controllers (because the DPAD produces arrow key events).

It doesn't yet include functionality for triggering a control (e.g. SPACE, ENTER, or controller buttons), because that involves restructuring some of the Flutter controls to trigger animations differently, and so will be done in another PR (#41220)

FocusTraversalPolicy keep the previously visited node to avoid hysteresis. But even if the visited focus has been disposed, FocusTraversalPolicy will still use it to requestFocus, which will cause FocusManger to get an abandoned node to get the focus.

Replacing the algorithm for finding the first focusable item in the focus tree. Somehow it was a kind of gibberish before, and really didn't work or make sense.

This just fixes up some comments for DefaultFocusTraversal, and fixes a minor bug when setting the onKey on a FocusNode on creation before attaching to it.

This implements focus and hover handling for Material buttons. It inserts Focus widgets into the tree in order to allow buttons to be focusable via keyboard traversal (a.k.a. TAB traversal), and Listener widgets into the InkWell to allow the detection of hover states for widgets.

Addresses #11344, #1608, and #13264.