Also, fill in a back arrow when we can go back.

Fixes #699

To make it easier to avoid pushing twice in one frame, provide a
transaction mechanism for the navigator.

It's common to want a scrolling viewport but with padding around the
contents. Teaching Block about this makes the places that do this
substantially simpler and further buries ScrollableViewport and
BlockBody (they're now only used in scrollable.dart).

This patch introduces the notion of a ModalRoute that puts up a modal barrier
and makes the route invisible to hit testing when its animating out. This patch
also uses this mechanism in a number of places (including PageRoute). There are
still a few more cases to convert, but that's work for a future patch.

Fixes #1684

- Change RouteArguments to pass the route's BuildContext rather than
  the Navigator. This caused the bulk of the examples/ and .../test/
  changes (those are mostly mechanical changes). It also meant I could
  simplify Navigator.of().

- Make initState() actually get called when the State's Element is in
  the tree, so you can use Foo.of() functions there. Added a test for
  this also.

- Provide a RouteWidget so that routes have a position in the Widget
  tree. The bulk of the route logic is still in a longer-lived Route
  object for now.

- Make Route.setState() only rebuild the actual route, not the whole
  navigator.

- Provided a Route.of().

- Provided a Route.writeState / Route.readState API that tries to
  identify the clients by their runtimeType, their key, and their
  ancestors keys, up to the nearest ancestor with a GlobalKey.

- Made scrollables hook into this API to track state. Added a test to
  make sure this works.

- Fix the debug output of GestureDetector and the hashCode of
  MixedViewport.

- Fixed ScrollableWidgetListState<T> to handle infinite lists.

This makes skyanalyzer also check the examples, and fixes everything it
found there.

Now you don't need to pass the navigator around everywhere.

Fixes #1669

Canvas is by far the most popular type of material by call site (and makes for
a faster default because it doesn't have a RRect clip).

Rather than using a custom render object, we can just use a Stack.

This updates to mojo 4e4d51ce28a and mojo sdk 711a0bcfb141b4 and updates the sky
package's pubspec.yaml dependency to '>=0.1.0 <0.2.0' to be compatible with
the current mojo package. This includes an update to the Mojo Dart generator to
produce real classes for enums and the corresponding updates for users of the
KeyboardType enum in Sky as well as one scoped_ptr->std::unique_ptr in shell
corresponding to a change in the Mojo EDK.

When a new version of the sky and sky_services package are pushed this will fix
domokit/mojo#440.

All the use cases for EventDisposition are now addressed by the gesture
detection system.

This still leaves Flex and FlexDirection available. At some point once
people have transitioned to Row/Column we should rename Flex to _Flex
and stop reexporting FlexDirection from basic.dart.

Mostly formating and removing arguments with default values.

These widgets were designed in CSS where you need to specify a layout model for
your children. This patch updates them to the modern style of just taking a
unique child.

Fixes #755

Block -> BlockBody
ScrollableBlock -> Block
FixedHeightScrollable -> ScrollableWidgetList
VariableHeightScrollable -> ScrollableMixedWidgetList
BlockViewport -> MixedViewport

Fixes https://github.com/domokit/sky_engine/issues/547

@collinjackson

Converted demo launcher example to library

Converted fitness example to library

Converted hello world example to library

Converted mine digger example to library

Converted stocks example to library