Teach Layer and its implementations, RenderObject and its implementations, and PaintingContext to reuse engine layers. The idea is that a concrete RenderObject creates a Layer and holds on to it as long as it needs it (i.e. when it is composited, and the layer type does not change). In return, each Layer object holds on to an EngineLayer and reports it to the engine via addRetained and oldLayer. This allows the Web engine to reuse DOM elements across frames. Without it, each frame drops all previously rendered HTML and regenerates it from scratch.

For #21756

For retained rendering, we don't want to push the offset down to each leaf layer. Otherwise, changing an offset layer on the very high level could cascade the change to too many leaves, which means that we can't retain them.

To not push the offset downwards, we simply push a TransformLayer when there's an offset. Skia has a fast path for concatenating scale/translation-only matrix so this operation should be fast (no performance regression is measured on Moto G4).

This is our first step towards https://github.com/flutter/flutter/issues/21756

* enable lint unnecessary_new

* fix tests

* fix tests

* fix tests

Fixes https://github.com/flutter/flutter/issues/18971

It should account for the device pixel ratio

https://github.com/flutter/flutter/issues/16859

Orientation, and by extension time for rotation between orientations,
was aspirational and never used.

While this is technically a breaking change, this code never actually
did anything. If you were setting either orientation or timeForRotation,
simply delete those parameters and the code will continue to behave
identically to how it had been.

These properties had a high cost in the documentation because they're
all top-level properties, and there's really very little reason for
these values to be configurable in the first place.

Add Diagnosticable base class and documentation

Refactor RenderObject.toStringDeep and Widget.toStringDeep code to use DiagnosticsNode.

Previously we used logical pixels. This made the accessibility metrics
tiny on modern devices, since the OS works in physical units.

Also add a bit more debugging info and some docs.

Turns out we have many immutable classes.

Fixes #6892

* Manually fix every use of Point.x and Point.y

Some of these were moved to dx/dy, but not all.

* Manually convert uses of the old gradient API

* Remove old reference to Point.

* Mechanical changes

I applied the following at the root of the Flutter repository:

git ls-files -z | xargs -0 sed -i 's/\bPoint[.]origin\b/Offset.zero/g'
git ls-files -z | xargs -0 sed -i 's/\bPoint[.]lerp\b/Offset.lerp/g'
git ls-files -z | xargs -0 sed -i 's/\bnew Point\b/new Offset/g'
git ls-files -z | xargs -0 sed -i 's/\bconst Point\b/const Offset/g'
git ls-files -z | xargs -0 sed -i 's/\bstatic Point /static Offset /g'
git ls-files -z | xargs -0 sed -i 's/\bfinal Point /final Offset /g'
git ls-files -z | xargs -0 sed -i 's/^\( *\)Point /\1Offset /g'
git ls-files -z | xargs -0 sed -i 's/ui[.]Point\b/ui.Offset/g'
git ls-files -z | xargs -0 sed -i 's/(Point\b/(Offset/g'
git ls-files -z | xargs -0 sed -i 's/\([[{,]\) Point\b/\1 Offset/g'
git ls-files -z | xargs -0 sed -i 's/@required Point\b/@required Offset/g'
git ls-files -z | xargs -0 sed -i 's/<Point>/<Offset>/g'
git ls-files -z | xargs -0 sed -i 's/[.]toOffset()//g'
git ls-files -z | xargs -0 sed -i 's/[.]toPoint()//g'
git ls-files -z | xargs -0 sed -i 's/\bshow Point, /show /g'
git ls-files -z | xargs -0 sed -i 's/\bshow Point;/show Offset;/g'

* Mechanical changes - dartdocs

I applied the following at the root of the Flutter repository:

git ls-files -z | xargs -0 sed -i 's/\ba \[Point\]/an [Offset]/g'
git ls-files -z | xargs -0 sed -i 's/\[Point\]/[Offset]/g'

* Further improvements and a test

* Fix minor errors from rebasing...

* Roll engine

Fixes #4301

Covers lib/ in package:flutter.

I've been using these locally, but they're likely to be useful to other people
as well.

The engine now reports coordinates in physical pixels.

There are still many more left before rendering.dart is complete.

This makes it possible to substitute 'flutter run' for 'flutter test'
and actually watch a test run on a device.

For any test that depends on flutter_test:

1. Remove any import of 'package:test/test.dart'.

2. Replace `testWidgets('...', (WidgetTester tester) {`
      with `testWidgets('...', (WidgetTester tester) async {`

3. Add an "await" in front of calls to any of the following:
    * tap()
    * tapAt()
    * fling()
    * flingFrom()
    * scroll()
    * scrollAt()
    * pump()
    * pumpWidget()

4. Replace any calls to `tester.flushMicrotasks()` with calls to
   `await tester.idle()`.

There's a guarding API that you can use, if you have particularly
complicated tests, to get better error messages. Search for
TestAsyncUtils.

It's safe to remove the unneeded `void`s from setters since the blocking issues in the
`always_declare_return_types` lint have been fixed (https://github.com/dart-lang/linter/).  We can also safely flip the bit on  `avoid_return_types_on_setters`.

This adds in particular the ability to track the time at which the
framework boots up, and the time at which we are confident we have
completed the first useful frame.