Covers lib/ in package:flutter.

This patch contains a first draft of an iOS-style switch. We'll likely need to
tweak the constants upon closer study, but the basics are here.

Also fixes https://github.com/flutter/flutter/issues/6510

Moves BorderRadius to above its first use.
Slight improvements to the BoxShape docs.

This commit renames all debugAssertValid methods to
debugAssertIsValid and assert BoxConstaints validity in
constructors. Fixes #5807.

Image listeners installed in paint handlers need to know whether the listener
is being called during the paint.

Fixes https://github.com/flutter/flutter/issues/4937

Also, add FractionalOffset.inscribe.

* Added custom radii to RRect.

This is the first commit towads an implementation of
MergeableMaterial. It adds custom radii to RRect.

* Renamed RRect constructors and added BorderRadius.

BorderRadius is a class similar to EdgeInsets that lets you define
all rounded corners of a rounded rectangle easily.

Previously, we considered them one operation in the compositor, which didn't
trigger caching. Now we have a way to explicitly hint that the compositor
should cache a layer.

Fixes https://github.com/flutter/flutter/issues/4407

Rather than requiring the developer to specify a full Decoration, we now
just take an ImageProvider for the thumb image. Also, fix
ImageFit.scaleDown to actually work.

Fixes #4571
Fixes #4673

The new `empty_statements` lint (in the next DEV roll), flags these empty statements.  Harmless, except the one in `basic.dart` that fixes a real-life bug. :)

Overview
========

This patch refactors images to achieve the following goals:

* it allows references to unresolved assets to be passed
  around (previously, almost every layer of the system had to know about
  whether an image came from an asset bundle or the network or
  elsewhere, and had to manually interact with the image cache).

* it allows decorations to use the same API for declaring images as the
  widget tree.

It requires some minor changes to call sites that use images, as
discussed below.

Widgets
-------

Change this:

```dart
      child: new AssetImage(
        name: 'my_asset.png',
        ...
      )
```

...to this:

```dart
      child: new Image(
        image: new AssetImage('my_asset.png'),
        ...
      )
```

Decorations
-----------

Change this:

```dart
      child: new DecoratedBox(
        decoration: new BoxDecoration(
          backgroundImage: new BackgroundImage(
            image: DefaultAssetBundle.of(context).loadImage('my_asset.png'),
            ...
          ),
          ...
        ),
        child: ...
      )
```

...to this:

```dart
      child: new DecoratedBox(
        decoration: new BoxDecoration(
          backgroundImage: new BackgroundImage(
            image: new AssetImage('my_asset.png'),
            ...
          ),
          ...
        ),
        child: ...
      )
```

DETAILED CHANGE LOG
===================

The following APIs have been replaced in this patch:

* The `AssetImage` and `NetworkImage` widgets have been split in two,
  with identically-named `ImageProvider` subclasses providing the
  image-loading logic, and a single `Image` widget providing all the
  widget tree logic.

* `ImageResource` is now `ImageStream`. Rather than configuring it with
  a `Future<ImageInfo>`, you complete it with an `ImageStreamCompleter`.

* `ImageCache.load` and `ImageCache.loadProvider` are replaced by
  `ImageCache.putIfAbsent`.

The following APIs have changed in this patch:

* `ImageCache` works in terms of arbitrary keys and caches
  `ImageStreamCompleter` objects using those keys. With the new model,
  you should never need to interact with the cache directly.

* `Decoration` can now be `const`. The state has moved to the
  `BoxPainter` class. Instead of a list of listeners, there's now just a
  single callback and a `dispose()` method on the painter. The callback
  is passed in to the `createBoxPainter()` method. When invoked, you
  should repaint the painter.

The following new APIs are introduced:

* `AssetBundle.loadStructuredData`.

* `SynchronousFuture`, a variant of `Future` that calls the `then`
  callback synchronously. This enables the asynchronous and
  synchronous (in-the-cache) code paths to look identical yet for the
  latter to avoid returning to the event loop mid-paint.

* `ExactAssetImage`, a variant of `AssetImage` that doesn't do anything clever.

* `ImageConfiguration`, a class that describes parameters that configure
  the `AssetImage` resolver.

The following APIs are entirely removed by this patch:

* `AssetBundle.loadImage` is gone. Use an `AssetImage` instead.

* `AssetVendor` is gone. `AssetImage` handles everything `AssetVendor`
  used to handle.

* `RawImageResource` and `AsyncImage` are gone.

The following code-level changes are performed:

* `Image`, which replaces `AsyncImage`, `NetworkImage`, `AssetImage`,
  and `RawResourceImage`, lives in `image.dart`.

* `DecoratedBox` and `Container` live in their own file now,
  `container.dart` (they reference `image.dart`).

DIRECTIONS FOR FUTURE RESEARCH
==============================

* The `ImageConfiguration` fields are mostly aspirational. Right now
  only `devicePixelRatio` and `bundle` are implemented. `locale` isn't
  even plumbed through, it will require work on the localisation logic.

* We should go through and make `BoxDecoration`, `AssetImage`, and
  `NetworkImage` objects `const` where possible.

* This patch makes supporting animated GIFs much easier.

* This patch makes it possible to create an abstract concept of an
  "Icon" that could be either an image or a font-based glyph (using
  `IconData` or similar). (see
  https://github.com/flutter/flutter/issues/4494)

RELATED ISSUES
==============

Fixes https://github.com/flutter/flutter/issues/4500
Fixes https://github.com/flutter/flutter/issues/4495
Obsoletes https://github.com/flutter/flutter/issues/4496

As of `1.18.0-dev-0`, these cases will get flagged.  In the meantime, the

We now describe what each parameter does.

Fixes #4256

Fixes #3741

Adds some names for common FractionalOffset values.

This matches the pattern from Rect. I've left EdgeInsets.TRBL marked as
deprecated to give clients a chance to update.

Fixes #2860

Previously, border with '0' was ambiguous. Sometimes we treated it as
hairline borders, sometimes as "don't show the border", though even in
the latter case we did some graphics work sometimes. Now we have an
explicit BorderStyle.none flag to not draw the border efficiently.

Also, more docs. Also, expose isUniform.

As usual, as I was doing this I ran into some stuff that seemed hard
to document as-is and so I changed it. In this case, in the "http"
library. The new code is more or less equivalent, I think, but the
resulting documentation makes it more obvious that it's wrong...

These were using Offsets, but they're really FractionalOffsets.

Fixes #2318

Fixes #1382

And fix the zillion issues that uncovered.

This reverts commit f41b3411, reversing
changes made to e33d8d96.

This was a bad check-in due to my mangling uploading a new version of the branch from a different machine.

This reverts https://github.com/flutter/flutter/pull/2639 and will be replaced by https://github.com/flutter/flutter/pull/2640

And fix the zillion issues that uncovered.

We need to apply the alignment to the source rect because the ouput rect fills
the destination rect.

Fixes #1514

Fixes #2337