This patch reworks some of the guts of scrolling to make it easier to
implement nested scrolling effects. The actually nested scrolling effect
will be included in a later patch.

* more widget const constructors

* prefer const constructors

* address review comments

With this patch, you can do:

```dart
   Future<Null> foo() async {
     try {
       await controller.forward().orCancel;
       await controller.reverse().orCancel;
       await controller.forward().orCancel;
     } on TickerCanceled {
       // did not complete
     }
   }
```

...in a State's async method, and so long as you dispose of the
controller properly in your dispose, you'll have a nice way of doing
animations in sequence without leaking the controller. try/finally
works as well, if you need to allocate resources and discard them when
canceled.

Simultaneously, you can do:

```dart
   Future<Null> foo() async {
     await controller.forward().orCancel;
     await controller.reverse().orCancel;
     await controller.forward().orCancel;
   }
```

...and have the same effect, where the method will just silently hang
(and get GC'ed) if the widget is disposed, without leaking anything,
if you don't need to catch the controller being killed.

And all this, without spurious errors for uncaught exceptions on
controllers.

Rename State.config to State.widget
Rename State.didUpdateConfig to State.didUpdateWidget
Renamed all State subclasses' local variables named config to something else

* add @required when there's an assert not null

* address review comments

The new name matches the style guide. (The old name was just old and predated
the style guide.)

Fixes #8000

Covers lib/ in package:flutter.

Using these physics avoids a problem whereby the scroll view isn't scrollable
due to lack of content and therefore cannot trigger the refresh indicator.

Fixes #8432

Rename all the "2" classes related to scrolling to remove the "2". Now that the
old scrolling code is gone, we don't need to use the suffix.

This does not attempt to correct any logic, only to port it as written.

The API changed a bit to take into account what is newly available and
no longer available in the new world.

- MaterialList
 - ScrollableList
 - ScrollableLazyList
 - LazyBlock

All of these widgets can be replaced by ListView now.

To match the Align widget (and several other widgets).

Fixes #6101

This requires all AnimationController objects to be given a
TickerProvider, a class that can create the Ticker.

It also provides some nice mixins for people who want to have their
State provide a TickerProvider. And a schedulerTickerProvider for those
cases where you just want to see your battery burn.

Also, we now enforce destruction order for elements.

See #4434.

* Added OverscrollIndicatorEdge et al

* RefreshIndicator only clamps its scrollable edge

* added a test

* Updated the test

* fixed lint-os

* fixed a typo

* Scrollable should restore its viewport dimensions when it reappears

* removed an accidental commit

* updated per review feedback

These let you add Align widget to the inside or outside of a container.
Several customers have asked for these properties.

Fixes #4950

Making progress towards document all public APIs in material.dart. We're still
missing a few odds and ends (as well as missing docs in tabs.dart,
tooltip.dart, and two_level_list.dart).

This patch completes the circuit on this library. The next step is to go
through and add docs to anything we missed.