Deprecate `textScaleFactor` in favor of `textScaler`, in preparation for Android 14 [Non-linear font scaling to 200%](https://developer.android.com/about/versions/14/features#non-linear-font-scaling). The `TextScaler` class can be moved to `dart:ui` in the future, if we decide to use the Android platform API or AndroidX to get the scaling curve instead of hard coding the curve in the framework.

I haven't put the Flutter version in the deprecation message so the analyzer checks are failing. Will do so after I finish the migration guide.

**Why `TextScaler.textScaleFactor`**
The author of a `TextScaler` subclass should provide a fallback `textScaleFactor`. By making `TextScaler` also contain the `textScaleFactor` information it also makes it easier to migrate: if a widget overrides `MediaQueryData.textScaler` in the tree, for unmigrated widgets in the subtree it would also have to override `MediaQueryData.textScaleFactor`, and that makes it difficult to remove `MediaQueryData.textScaleFactor` in the future.

## A full list of affected APIs in this PR

Deprecated: The method/getter/setter/argument is annotated with a `@Deprecated()` annotation in this PR, and the caller should replace it with `textScaler` instead. Unless otherwise specified there will be a Flutter fix available to help with migration but it's still recommended to migrate case-by-case.
**Replaced**:  The method this `textScaleFactor` argument belongs to is rarely called directly by user code and is not overridden by any of the registered custom tests, so the argument is directly replaced by `TextScaler`.
**To Be Deprecated**:  The method/getter/setter/argument can't be deprecated in this PR because a registered customer test depends on it and a Flutter fix isn't available (or the test was run without applying flutter fixes first). This method/getter/setter/argument will be deprecated in a followup PR once the registered test is migrated.

### `Painting` Library

| Affected API | State of `textScaleFactor` | Comment | 
| --- | --- | --- |
| `InlineSpan.build({ double textScaleFactor = 1.0 })` argument | **Replaced** | | 
| `TextStyle.getParagraphStyle({ double TextScaleFactor = 1.0 })` argument | **Replaced** | |
| `TextStyle.getTextStyle({ double TextScaleFactor = 1.0 })`  argument| Deprecated | Can't replace: https://github.com/superlistapp/super_editor/blob/c47fd38dca4b7f43611690913b551a1773c563d7/super_editor/lib/src/infrastructure/super_textfield/desktop/desktop_textfield.dart#L1903-L1905|
| `TextPainter({ double TextScaleFactor = 1.0 })` constructor argument | Deprecated | |
| `TextPainter.textScaleFactor` getter and setter | Deprecated | No Flutter Fix, not expressible yet |
| `TextPainter.computeWidth({ double TextScaleFactor = 1.0 })` argument | Deprecated | |
| `TextPainter.computeMaxIntrinsicWidth({ double TextScaleFactor = 1.0 })` argument | Deprecated | |

### `Rendering` Library

| Affected API | State of `textScaleFactor` | Comment | 
| --- | --- | --- |
| `RenderEditable({ double TextScaleFactor = 1.0 })` constructor argument | Deprecated | |
| `RenderEditable.textScaleFactor` getter and setter | Deprecated | No Flutter Fix, not expressible yet |
| `RenderParagraph({ double TextScaleFactor = 1.0 })` constructor argument | Deprecated | |
| `RenderParagraph.textScaleFactor` getter and setter | Deprecated | No Flutter Fix, not expressible yet |

### `Widgets` Library

| Affected API | State of `textScaleFactor` | Comment | 
| --- | --- | --- |
| `MediaQueryData({ double TextScaleFactor = 1.0 })` constructor argument | **To Be Deprecated** | https://github.com/flutter/packages/blob/cd7b93532e5cb605a42735e20f1de70fc00adae7/packages/flutter_markdown/test/text_scale_factor_test.dart#LL39C21-L39C35 |
| `MediaQueryData.textScaleFactor` getter | Deprecated | |
| `MediaQueryData.copyWith({ double? TextScaleFactor })` argument | Deprecated | |
| `MediaQuery.maybeTextScaleFactorOf(BuildContext context)` static method | Deprecated | No Flutter Fix, not expressible yet  |
| `MediaQuery.textScaleFactorOf(BuildContext context)` static method | **To Be Deprecated** | https://github.com/flutter/packages/blob/cd7b93532e5cb605a42735e20f1de70fc00adae7/packages/flutter_markdown/lib/src/_functions_io.dart#L68-L70, No Flutter Fix, not expressible yet |
| `RichText({ double TextScaleFactor = 1.0 })` constructor argument | **To Be Deprecated** | https://github.com/flutter/packages/blob/cd7b93532e5cb605a42735e20f1de70fc00adae7/packages/flutter_markdown/lib/src/builder.dart#L829-L843 |
| `RichText.textScaleFactor` getter | **To Be Deprecated** | A constructor argument can't be deprecated right away|
| `Text({ double? TextScaleFactor = 1.0 })` constructor argument | **To Be Deprecated** | https://github.com/flutter/packages/blob/914d120da12fba458c020210727831c31bd71041/packages/rfw/lib/src/flutter/core_widgets.dart#L647 , No Flutter Fix because of https://github.com/dart-lang/sdk/issues/52664 |
| `Text.rich({ double? TextScaleFactor = 1.0 })` constructor argument | **To Be Deprecated** | The default constructor has an argument that can't be deprecated right away. No Flutter Fix because of https://github.com/dart-lang/sdk/issues/52664 |
| `Text.textScaleFactor` getter | **To Be Deprecated** | A constructor argument can't be deprecated right away |
| `EditableText({ double? TextScaleFactor = 1.0 })` constructor argument | Deprecated | No Flutter Fix because of https://github.com/dart-lang/sdk/issues/52664 |
| `EditableText.textScaleFactor` getter | Deprecated | |

### `Material` Library

| Affected API | State of `textScaleFactor` | Comment | 
| --- | --- | --- |
| `SelectableText({ double? TextScaleFactor = 1.0 })` constructor argument | **To Be Deprecated** | https://github.com/flutter/packages/blob/cd7b93532e5cb605a42735e20f1de70fc00adae7/packages/flutter_markdown/lib/src/builder.dart#L829-L843, No Flutter Fix because of https://github.com/dart-lang/sdk/issues/52664 |
| `SelectableText.rich({ double? TextScaleFactor = 1.0 })` constructor argument | **To Be Deprecated** | The default constructor has an argument that can't be deprecated right away. No Flutter Fix because of https://github.com/dart-lang/sdk/issues/52664 |
| `SelectableText.textScaleFactor` getter | **To Be Deprecated** | A constructor argument can't be deprecated right away |

A lot of material widgets (`Slider`, `RangeSlider`, `TimePicker`, and different types of buttons) also change their layout based on `textScaleFactor`. These need to be handled in a case-by-case fashion and will be migrated in follow-up PRs.

This change enables Flutter to generate multiple Scenes to be rendered into separate FlutterViews from a single widget tree. Each Scene is described by a separate render tree, which are all associated with the single widget tree.

This PR implements the framework-side mechanisms to describe the content to be rendered into multiple views. Separate engine-side changes are necessary to provide these views to the framework and to draw the framework-generated Scene into them.

## Summary of changes

The details of this change are described in [flutter.dev/go/multiple-views](https://flutter.dev/go/multiple-views). Below is a high-level summary organized by layers.

### Rendering layer changes

* The `RendererBinding` no longer owns a single `renderView`. In fact, it doesn't OWN any `RenderView`s at all anymore. Instead, it offers an API (`addRenderView`/`removeRenderView`) to add and remove `RenderView`s that then will be MANAGED by the binding. The `RenderView` itself is now owned by a higher-level abstraction (e.g. the `RawView` Element of the widgets layer, see below), who is also in charge of adding it to the binding. When added, the binding will interact with the `RenderView` to produce a frame (e.g. by calling `compositeFrame` on it) and to perform hit tests for incoming pointer events. Multiple `RenderView`s can be added to the binding (typically one per `FlutterView`) to produce multiple Scenes.
* Instead of owning a single `pipelineOwner`, the `RendererBinding` now owns the root of the `PipelineOwner` tree (exposed as `rootPipelineOwner` on the binding). Each `PipelineOwner` in that tree (except for the root) typically manages its own render tree typically rooted in one of the `RenderView`s mentioned in the previous bullet. During frame production, the binding will instruct each `PipelineOwner` of that tree to flush layout, paint, semantics etc. A higher-level abstraction (e.g. the widgets layer, see below) is in charge of adding `PipelineOwner`s to this tree.
* Backwards compatibility: The old `renderView` and `pipelineOwner` properties of the `RendererBinding` are retained, but marked as deprecated. Care has been taken to keep their original behavior for the deprecation period, i.e. if you just call `runApp`, the render tree bootstrapped by this call is rooted in the deprecated `RendererBinding.renderView` and managed by the deprecated `RendererBinding.pipelineOwner`.

### Widgets layer changes

* The `WidgetsBinding` no longer attaches the widget tree to an existing render tree. Instead, it bootstraps a stand-alone widget tree that is not backed by a render tree. For this, `RenderObjectToWidgetAdapter` has been replaced by `RootWidget`.
* Multiple render trees can be bootstrapped and attached to the widget tree with the help of the `View` widget, which internally is backed by a `RawView` widget. Configured with a `FlutterView` to render into, the `RawView` creates a new `PipelineOwner` and a new `RenderView` for the new render tree. It adds the new `RenderView` to the `RendererBinding` and its `PipelineOwner` to the pipeline owner tree.
* The `View` widget can only appear in certain well-defined locations in the widget tree since it bootstraps a new render tree and does not insert a `RenderObject` into an ancestor. However, almost all Elements expect that their children insert `RenderObject`s, otherwise they will not function properly. To produce a good error message when the `View` widget is used in an illegal location, the `debugMustInsertRenderObjectIntoSlot` method has been added to Element, where a child can ask whether a given slot must insert a RenderObject into its ancestor or not. In practice, the `View` widget can be used as a child of the `RootWidget`, inside the `view` slot of the `ViewAnchor` (see below) and inside a `ViewCollection` (see below). In those locations, the `View` widget may be wrapped in other non-RenderObjectWidgets (e.g. InheritedWidgets).
* The new `ViewAnchor` can be used to create a side-view inside a parent `View`. The `child` of the `ViewAnchor` widget renders into the parent `View` as usual, but the `view` slot can take on another `View` widget, which has access to all inherited widgets above the `ViewAnchor`. Metaphorically speaking, the view is anchored to the location of the `ViewAnchor` in the widget tree.
* The new `ViewCollection` widget allows for multiple sibling views as it takes a list of `View`s as children. It can be used in all the places that accept a `View` widget.

## Google3

As of July 5, 2023 this change passed a TAP global presubmit (TGP) in google3: tap/OCL:544707016:BASE:545809771:1688597935864:e43dd651

## Note to reviewers

This change is big (sorry). I suggest focusing the initial review on the changes inside of `packages/flutter` first. The majority of the changes describe above are implemented in (listed in suggested review order):

* `rendering/binding.dart`
* `widgets/binding.dart`
* `widgets/view.dart`
* `widgets/framework.dart`

All other changes included in the PR are basically the fallout of what's implemented in those files. Also note that a lot of the lines added in this PR are documentation and tests.

I am also very happy to walk reviewers through the code in person or via video call, if that is helpful.

I appreciate any feedback.

## Feedback to address before submitting ("TODO")

Move a few import directives to be in correct order. Fixes https://github.com/flutter/flutter/issues/130434

JSNumber.toDart will now be two functions: toDartDouble and toDartInt.

There was code that did an Object.toJS. This has been changed to
use Function.toJS as well to make it consistent with the code
in flutter/packages:
https://github.com/flutter/packages/blob/0ef393811d0c2653e68ac135733353fcad8fffa9/packages/web_benchmarks/lib/src/recorder.dart#L1223

This is to help land this CL:
https://dart-review.googlesource.com/c/sdk/+/309082

https://dart-review.googlesource.com/c/sdk/+/309081 is the CL that added
the new methods.

## Pre-launch Checklist

- [X] I read the [Contributor Guide] and followed the process outlined
there for submitting PRs.
- [X] I read the [Tree Hygiene] wiki page, which explains my
responsibilities.
- [X] I read and followed the [Flutter Style Guide], including [Features
we expect every widget to implement].
- [X] I signed the [CLA].
- [X] I listed at least one issue that this PR fixes in the description
above.
- [X] I updated/added relevant documentation (doc comments with `///`).
- [ ] I added new tests to check the change I am making, or this PR is
[test-exempt].
- [x] All existing and new tests are passing.

Manual roll is needed because incoming dart sdk requires updated version
vm_snapshot_analysis (>=0.7.4).


https://github.com/flutter/engine/compare/5ae09b8b4fa381e8723ed5382a26eafd0d97236f...7c83ea3e854202aea22405a947ac1b8f18c5a72c

```
7c83ea3e85 Reland "Manual roll Dart SDK from 2d98d9e27dae to 0b07debd5862 (21 revisions) (#43457)" (#43472)
9ef3e8d533 Roll Skia from 5eba922297bb to 93c92f97f5ab (2 revisions) (#43471)
```

Remove implementation of SuitePlatform from the test as well. Remove use
of fake cwd from SuitePlatform as it can't be properly faked.

PLUS: clean-up of all the unreachable stuff.

Some files are supposed to ignore, but don't.

- **/windows/flutter/generated_plugins.cmake
- **/linux/flutter/generated_plugin_registrant.cc
- **/linux/flutter/generated_plugin_registrant.h
- **/linux/flutter/generated_plugins.cmake
- **/windows/flutter/generated_plugin_registrant.cc
- **/windows/flutter/generated_plugin_registrant.h
- **/ios/Runner/GeneratedPluginRegistrant.h
- **/ios/Runner/GeneratedPluginRegistrant.m

*List which issues are fixed by this PR. You must list at least one issue.*

*If you had to change anything in the [flutter/tests] repo, include a link to the migration guide as per the [breaking change policy].*

This enables benchmarks for the Skwasm renderer, compiled with
dart2wasm.

Platform views aren't supported in Skwasm yet, so we are skipping those
benchmarks for now.

Updated tests in dev, examples/api, and tests/widgets to ensure that
they continue to pass when the default for `ThemeData.useMaterial3` is
changed to true.

This is the final set of changes required for
https://github.com/flutter/flutter/issues/127064.

Unpins path_provider_android where it is pinned. Follows the same steps as https://github.com/flutter/flutter/pull/128898.

Fixes https://github.com/flutter/flutter/issues/116376

## FlutterTimeline

Add a new class `FlutterTimeline` that's a drop-in replacement for `Timeline` from `dart:developer`. In addition to forwarding invocations of `startSync`, `finishSync`, `timeSync`, and `instantSync` to `dart:developer`, provides the following extra methods that make is easy to collect timings for code blocks on a frame-by-frame basis:

* `debugCollect()` - aggregates timings since the last reset, or since the app launched.
* `debugReset()` - forgets all data collected since the previous reset, or since the app launched. This allows clearing data from previous frames so timings can be attributed to the current frame.
* `now` - this was enhanced so that it works on the web by calling `window.performance.now` (in `Timeline` this is a noop in Dart web compilers).
* `collectionEnabled` - a field that controls whether `FlutterTimeline` stores timings in memory. By default this is disabled to avoid unexpected overhead (although the class is designed for minimal and predictable overhead). Specific benchmarks can enable collection to report to Skia Perf.

## Semantics benchmarks

Add `BenchMaterial3Semantics` that benchmarks the cost of semantics when constructing a screen full of Material 3 widgets from nothing. It is expected that semantics will have non-trivial cost in this case, but we should strive to keep it much lower than the rendering cost. This is the case already. This benchmark shows that the cost of semantics is <10%.

Add `BenchMaterial3ScrollSemantics` that benchmarks the cost of scrolling a previously constructed screen full of Material 3 widgets. The expectation should be that semantics will have trivial cost, since we're just shifting some widgets around. As of today, the numbers are not great, with semantics taking >50% of frame time, which is what prompted this PR in the first place. As we optimize this, we want to see this number improve.

Now that we support UIViewControllerBasedStatusBar by default (after engine roll: https://github.com/flutter/flutter/commit/c7167765d74c1980c9ba750c5750ae27817ad630), we should make this value to be true.

Part of https://github.com/flutter/flutter/issues/128969

- Bumps `vm_service` from `11.6.0` to `11.7.1`
- Bumps `web` from `0.1.3-beta` to `0.1.4-beta` and adds it everywhere.
- Moves `js` from `dependencies` to `dev_dependencies`

This attempts to reland https://github.com/flutter/flutter/pull/126848

This was reverted because it made some unexpected changes to our perf measurements. After landing https://github.com/flutter/flutter/pull/127900, we have much less noise in our benchmarks, so I'd like to reland this and see if there is still a significant measurement difference.

By default, the browser fuzzes the timer APIs such that they have a granularity of approximately 100 microseconds (this is due to Spectre mitigation techniques). However, many of the thing we are trying to measure actually have a much finer granularity than 100 microseconds. As a result, many of our benchmarks are extremely noisy and don't provide accurate data.

By serving the initial script files with the `Cross-Origin-Opener-Policy: same-origin` and `Cross-Origin-Embedder-Policy: require-corp` HTTP headers, the browser runs the benchmarks in a `crossOriginIsolated` context, which restores the fine granularity of APIs such as `performance.now()` to microsecond precision.

Also, we were considering anything an outlier that was more than one standard deviation away from the mean. In a normal distribution, that means we are only capturing 68% of the data and the rest are considered outliers. This is not ideal. Doing two standard deviations away captures 95% of the data, and the outliers are in the remaining 5%, which seems much more reasonable.

Fixes https://github.com/flutter/flutter/issues/127226

The newly updated lint will soon flag for-each in collections.

See discussion: https://github.com/dart-lang/linter/pull/4383

/cc @goderbauer

Now that `platformViewRegistry` is [exposed](https://github.com/flutter/engine/pull/41877) through `dart:ui_web`, we can do some cleanup here.

Part of https://github.com/flutter/flutter/issues/126831

The upcoming linter release notices null literals as unnecessary argument values and flags more `type_literal_in_constant_pattern` cases. 

See breakages: https://logs.chromium.org/logs/dart/buildbucket/cr-buildbucket/8780744067138629361/+/u/analyze_flutter_flutter/stdout

Reverts flutter/flutter#126848

Triggered some kind of measuring discrepancy / performance regression.

Fixes https://github.com/flutter/flutter/issues/126259

Updated pubspec:
https://github.com/flutter/flutter/blob/345f0bffbfda31fab7d4a740f65b3d1610d20a99/packages/flutter/pubspec.yaml

Add a benchmark that measures the improvements from https://github.com/flutter/engine/pull/41803

In particular, update pin for `material_color_utilities` to `0.5.0`.

Removing the dependency between web benchmarks and `url_launcher`'s `Link` widget.

1. Add iOS and macOS migration to mark "last upgraded" Xcode version to 14.3 to prevent `Update to recommended settings` warning.
2. Update iOS and macOS templates to same.
3. Update iOS template to set `BuildIndependentTargetsInParallel` to YES as suggested.  I didn't add a migration for this since it seems like a minor optimization and I don't think it's worth a potentially botched/corrupted migration.
4. Run all example/integration test project to see migrator work.
5. Add some missing test projects to the build shard since I noticed they were missing and I had to build those manually outside `SHARD=build_tests`.

Fixes https://github.com/flutter/flutter/issues/125817
See https://github.com/flutter/flutter/pull/90304 for Xcode 13 example.

~Update the windows app template and migration to use `CMP0135` when
cmake version is >= 3.24.~

Update app templates' and examples' CMakeLists.txt to use
`cmake_policy(VERSION`. https://github.com/flutter/packages/pull/3828
should obviate the need for a migration.

Addresses https://github.com/flutter/flutter/issues/116866

## Pre-launch Checklist

- [x] I read the [Contributor Guide] and followed the process outlined
there for submitting PRs.
- [x] I read the [Tree Hygiene] wiki page, which explains my
responsibilities.
- [x] I read and followed the [Flutter Style Guide], including [Features
we expect every widget to implement].
- [ ] I signed the [CLA].
- [x] I listed at least one issue that this PR fixes in the description
above.
- [x] I updated/added relevant documentation (doc comments with `///`).
- [x] I added new tests to check the change I am making, or this PR is
[test-exempt].
- [x] All existing and new tests are passing.

If you need help, consider asking for advice on the #hackers-new channel
on [Discord].

<!-- Links -->
[Contributor Guide]:
https://github.com/flutter/flutter/wiki/Tree-hygiene#overview
[Tree Hygiene]: https://github.com/flutter/flutter/wiki/Tree-hygiene
[test-exempt]:
https://github.com/flutter/flutter/wiki/Tree-hygiene#tests
[Flutter Style Guide]:
https://github.com/flutter/flutter/wiki/Style-guide-for-Flutter-repo
[Features we expect every widget to implement]:
https://github.com/flutter/flutter/wiki/Style-guide-for-Flutter-repo#features-we-expect-every-widget-to-implement
[CLA]: https://cla.developers.google.com/
[flutter/tests]: https://github.com/flutter/tests
[breaking change policy]:
https://github.com/flutter/flutter/wiki/Tree-hygiene#handling-breaking-changes
[Discord]: https://github.com/flutter/flutter/wiki/Chat

This PR was generated by `flutter update-packages --force-upgrade`.

This PR was generated by `flutter update-packages --force-upgrade`.

This adds a performance test for `Slider` and `RangeSlider` to run on Android.
This is to measure upcoming changes to these widgets and compare their performance. 

https://user-images.githubusercontent.com/48603081/233633349-0bcad3c3-04a9-42dd-acd0-46b76ce51178.mp4

This PR was generated by `flutter update-packages --force-upgrade`.

This PR was generated by `flutter update-packages --force-upgrade`.

Roll pub packages

Reverts flutter/flutter#122437

This is causing several Android devicelab tests to fail on the first
attempt, causing them to be marked flaky. The cause appears to be
unexpected output on stderr. See:
https://ci.chromium.org/ui/p/flutter/builders/prod/Mac_arm64_android%20run_release_test/5390/overview

[integration_test] upgrade androidx test to 1.4.0

[web] Add benchmarks for the Material3 Components screen