* Reland: [flutter_tools] File system utilities

* Remove unused imports

This reverts commit 03496606.

* Update project.pbxproj files to say Flutter rather than Chromium

Also, the templates now have an empty organization so that we don't cause people to give their apps a Flutter copyright.

* Update the copyright notice checker to require a standard notice on all files

* Update copyrights on Dart files. (This was a mechanical commit.)

* Fix weird license headers on Dart files that deviate from our conventions; relicense Shrine.

Some were already marked "The Flutter Authors", not clear why. Their
dates have been normalized. Some were missing the blank line after the
license. Some were randomly different in trivial ways for no apparent
reason (e.g. missing the trailing period).

* Clean up the copyrights in non-Dart files. (Manual edits.)

Also, make sure templates don't have copyrights.

* Fix some more ORGANIZATIONNAMEs

* implicit-casts:false on flutter_tools/lib

* address review comments

* use castStringKeyedMap

* introduce {bool,string,strings}Arg

* fix ci

* use null aware operators

* rollback changes about null-aware operator

* disable lint prefer_is_not_empty

* pass the value of the android sdk

* swap flag

* allow the user to set the android-sdk location

This ensures that accidental usages of dart:io's
file API don't creep in over time.

This removes direct file access from within flutter_tools
in favor of using `package:file` via a `FileSystem` that's
accessed via the `ApplicationContext`.

This lays the groundwork for us to be able to easily swap
out the underlying file system when running Flutter tools,
which will be used to provide a record/replay file system,
analogous to what we have for process invocations.

This change adds a top-level getBuildDirectory func and funcs for
android, aot, asset, ios build products.

Developers may now add a "build-dir" mapping to their
~/.flutter_settings (JSON format) config file. Output directory is
relative to the main flutter application directory.

This change also changes the default build directory for iOS builds to a
subdirectory of the configured build directory, 'build/ios' by default.

* making flutter run work with gradle

* locate android studio

* add test for settings

* review comments