Also, clean up the main.dart file to prepare for making dynamic theme changes.

- Removed the concept of ephemeral routes.
- Renamed the two _MenuRoutes to _PopupMenuRoute and _DropDownRoute.
- Added type arguments in various places:
  - DropDownMenu
  - _DropDownRoute
  - _ModalBottomSheetRoute
  - PopupMenuItem
  - _PopupMenu
  - _PopupMenuRoute
- Made _ModalBottomSheetRoute, the two ex _MenuRoutes, and _DialogRoute
  all inherit from ModalRoute, via PopupRoute.
- Change "Dropdown" and "DropDown" to "DropDown" consistently.
- Made MaterialPageRoute inherit from PageRoute.
- Made ModalBarrier not create a box if it's always transparent.
- Exposed the Futures on TransitionRoutes.
- Fixed that menus were no longer dismissable by tapping the modal
  barrier.

This makes skyanalyzer also check the examples, and fixes everything it
found there.

Adds a dropdown menu button as shown in the Material design spec here: https://www.google.com/design/spec/components/buttons.html#buttons-dropdown-buttons. It's the video at the bottom of this section of the Material design spec.

This version of the component doesn't deal with scrollable menus or
constrain the height of the menu.