This should make the message in Travis logs look better.

It's no longer needed with the latest Dart SDK roll.

- [x] Don't use package:stack_trace.
- [x] Don't use Chain.capture.
- [x] Fix an instance of aggressive catching of exceptions

Related #8742

* Make ProcessSignals portable

This removes the need to wrap unsupported signals with in `if (!platform.isWindows) ..`.

It also allows us to implement a work around for breaking the Windows console when flutter is exited with Ctrl+C.

* review comments

* adding tests

* add license header

It was resulting in weird situations where the tool would dump an
error message and stack but not quit, or would fail hard but then just
hang.

Instead, specifically catch errors you expect. As an example of this,
there's one error we expect from the DartDependencySetBuilder, so we
catch that one, turn it into a dedicated exception class, then in the
caller catch that specific exception.

* prefer const constructors

* fix double throw

This adds the test harness for record/replay tests.

* add crash reporting without enabling it

* do not drop futures on the floor

* return exitCode from executable run

* debug travis

* remove unnecessary todo

* rename local fs getter

This adds support for a `--bug-report` flag, which is a recording
that:
  - includes the arguments that were passed to the command runner
  - is zipped up for easy attachment in Guthub issues

* Teach flutter tools to find gradle

Flutter tools will now use Gradle from Android Studio, which is now found automatically.

flutter doctor will verify that Android Studio has been installed, and that the included Gradle is at least version 2.14.1.

It is still possible to manually configure the path to Android Studio (flutter config --android-studio-dir=XXX) or Gradle (flutter config --gradle-dir=XXX), but this should only be necessary if they're installed somewhere non-standard.

Only tested on Linux and macOS for now.

Fixes #8131

Artifacts are now located in a central place.
This will enable us to downlaod artifacts when we need them (instead of
downloading them all upfront).
This also makes replacing sky_snapshot with gen_snapshot easier.

Replaces unprintable characters with alternative symbols.

Ref: https://developer.apple.com/xcode/

...now that we have generic methods, their types need to be specified too.

This ensures that accidental usages of dart:io's
file API don't creep in over time.

This removes direct file access from within flutter_tools
in favor of using `package:file` via a `FileSystem` that's
accessed via the `ApplicationContext`.

This lays the groundwork for us to be able to easily swap
out the underlying file system when running Flutter tools,
which will be used to provide a record/replay file system,
analogous to what we have for process invocations.

This tests against the failure that was fixed in #7189

With this change, they're run via instance methods on an object
obtained through the context. This will allow us to substitute
that object in tests with replay/record versions to allow us to
mock out the os-layer in tests.

* Remove the workaround that pinned args to v0.13.6
This reverts most of the changes in commit 6331b6c8
* throw exception if exit code is not an integer
* rework command infrastructure to throw ToolExit when non-zero exitCode
* convert commands to return Future<Null>
* cleanup remaining commands to use throwToolExit for non-zero exit code
* remove isUnusual exception message
* add type annotations for updated args package

* convert pubGet to throw ToolExit on non-zero exit code
* convert commandValidator to throw ToolExit for non-zero exit code
* convert flutter commands to throw ToolExit for non-zero exit code
* use convenience method throwToolExit
* only show "if this problem persists" for unusual exceptions

* convert flutter commands to use ToolExit for non-zero exit code
* add convenience method throwToolExit
* print ToolExit message iff not null

- [x] Return the reload message even when paused at a breakpoint.
- [x] Only initialize context members if they aren't already initialized.