* some space formattings

* always use blocks in if-else if a block is used

* format spaces in for and while

* allow multiline if conditions

* fix missing space

* fix indentof statements in BlockFunctionBody

* fix indentof statements in BlockFunctionBody in tests

* add trailing commas on list/map/parameters

* add trailing commas on Invocation with nb of arg>1

* add commas for widget containing widgets

* add trailing commas if instantiation contains trailing comma

* revert bad change

Because we now have 2 separate GPU and UI threads.

* Future<void> main

* Future<void>.delayed

* prefer_void_to_Null

* address review comments

See https://github.com/flutter/flutter/pull/19121#issuecomment-419520765

* enable lint unnecessary_new

* fix tests

* fix tests

* fix tests

All temporary directory start with `flutter_` and have their random component separated from the name by a period, as in `flutter_test_bundle.YFYQMY`.

I've tried to find some of the places where we didn't cleanly delete temporary directories, too. This greatly reduces, though it does not entirely eliminate, the directories we leave behind when running tests, especially `flutter_tools` tests.

While I was at it I standardized on `tempDir` as the variable name for temporary directories, since it was the most common, removing occurrences of `temp` and `tmp`, among others.

Also I factored out some common code that used to catch exceptions that happen on Windows, and made more places use that pattern.

* Upgrade everything except matcher.
* Roll matcher (and test)
* Adjust tests that depend on flutter:test directly to depend on a shim
* Require use of package:test shim and remove other references to package:test

It was causing problems rolling Flutter into Fuchsia

* re-enable lint unnecessary_const

* remove trailling whitespaces

* remove unnecessary const (after merge)

This reverts commit cc1cf13e.

See https://github.com/flutter/flutter/pull/18881#discussion_r199285256

Our first step towards https://github.com/flutter/flutter/issues/18727

This patch reorganises flutter_driver's lib/src directory into three
subdirectories:

* driver: sources transitively imported/exported by flutter_driver.dart,
  which defines the API used by driver tests executed on the host machine.

* extension: sources transitively imported/exported by
  driver_extension.dart, which defines the API used to instrument a
  Flutter app running on the target device for use with a driver test.

* common: sources common to both driver and extension code.

This makes rolling Flutter into repositories that use Bazel (or
Bazel-like build systems) significantly more robust, due to the simpler
glob patterns involved.

Use of this file was eliminated in e7657b94.

1. We want to measure wall-clock duration for the benchmarks, as opposed
   to thread duration (e.g., waiting on a mutex should accrue time) and
   'dur' is the metric to use for that.

2. On Darwin-based systems (macOS and iOS) 'tdur' is the result of a
   mach syscall lookup to thread_info. This call returns unreliable data
   on iOS. Chromium, for example, disables thread time support entirely
   for iOS.

The main purpose of this PR is to make it so that when you set the
initial route and it's a hierarchical route (e.g. `/a/b/c`), it
implies multiple pushes, one for each step of the route (so in that
case, `/`, `/a`, `/a/b`, and `/a/b/c`, in that order). If any of those
routes don't exist, it falls back to '/'.

As part of doing that, I:

 * Changed the default for MaterialApp.initialRoute to honor the
   actual initial route.

 * Added a MaterialApp.onUnknownRoute for handling bad routes.

 * Added a feature to flutter_driver that allows the host test script
   and the device test app to communicate.

 * Added a test to make sure `flutter drive --route` works.
   (Hopefully that will also prove `flutter run --route` works, though
   this isn't testing the `flutter` tool's side of that. My main
   concern is over whether the engine side works.)

 * Fixed `flutter drive` to output the right target file name.

 * Changed how the stocks app represents its data, so that we can
   show a page for a stock before we know if it exists.

 * Made it possible to show a stock page that doesn't exist. It shows
   a progress indicator if we're loading the data, or else shows a
   message saying it doesn't exist.

 * Changed the pathing structure of routes in stocks to work more
   sanely.

 * Made search in the stocks app actually work (before it only worked
   if we happened to accidentally trigger a rebuild). Added a test.

 * Replaced some custom code in the stocks app with a BackButton.

 * Added a "color" feature to BackButton to support the stocks use case.

 * Spaced out the ErrorWidget text a bit more.

 * Added `RouteSettings.copyWith`, which I ended up not using.

 * Improved the error messages around routing.

While I was in some files I made a few formatting fixes, fixed some
code health issues, and also removed `flaky: true` from some devicelab
tests that have been stable for a while. Also added some documentation
here and there.

For measuring the Dart thread, we care about thread duration (tdur) rather than
wall duration (dur) because we don't want to count the time when the Dart
thread is descheduled (e.g., in preference to the raster thread).

Prior to this change, these benchmarks were mostly measuring whether the OS
decided to finish the Dart thread's time slice or hand over the CPU to the
raster thread to complete the visual part of the frame. Now we actually measure
the work done on the Dart thread.

* disables all `flutter test` and `flutter drive` tests on Windows as those two commands are not fully implemented on Windows yet
* fixes other failures on Windows

As per the recent fix to the `always_specify_types` lint (https://github.com/dart-lang/linter/issues/199), literal maps and lists are now expected to be explicitly typed.

Running that lint on the repo identifies quite a few spots to update.  This focuses on `flutter_driver` and `flutter_sprites` (somewhat arbitrarily) but the changes are fairly representative.

Note there are a number of places where I made a quick judgement on how specific to make the types.  Feedback on those is welcome.  (Especially as we move forward with more.)

* Track the worst frame in perf tests

* Use backticks in "/// Returns `null` if"

Fixes https://github.com/flutter/flutter/issues/3094

Fixes https://github.com/flutter/flutter/issues/2713