CustomMultiChildLayout and CustomOneChildLayout now use their delegate's shouldRelayout() method instead of a "token" to decide if layout is needed.

MultiChildLayoutDelegate and OnChildLayoutDelegate are now expected to be stateless, i.e. they'll typically be built each time their custom layout widget is built. If the identical layout delegate is provided to a new custom layout, layout will not happen.

Revised the bottom sheet implementation per the new custom layout classes. Removed a SizeObserver.

Fixes #899

Also, replace places that use the term "create performance" with
"create performance controller".

Instead of separate functions for the 0->1 and 1->2 transitions, just
have one function.

To make it easier to avoid pushing twice in one frame, provide a
transaction mechanism for the navigator.

- Removed the concept of ephemeral routes.
- Renamed the two _MenuRoutes to _PopupMenuRoute and _DropDownRoute.
- Added type arguments in various places:
  - DropDownMenu
  - _DropDownRoute
  - _ModalBottomSheetRoute
  - PopupMenuItem
  - _PopupMenu
  - _PopupMenuRoute
- Made _ModalBottomSheetRoute, the two ex _MenuRoutes, and _DialogRoute
  all inherit from ModalRoute, via PopupRoute.
- Change "Dropdown" and "DropDown" to "DropDown" consistently.
- Made MaterialPageRoute inherit from PageRoute.
- Made ModalBarrier not create a box if it's always transparent.
- Exposed the Futures on TransitionRoutes.
- Fixed that menus were no longer dismissable by tapping the modal
  barrier.

Rather than have delayed calls to super.didPop(), which raises my
eyebrow every time I see it, this provides a separate finished()
function to call, and uses the convention that if you want to call it
yourself, you just don't call super.didPop().

- `Scaffold.of(context).showBottomSheet(widget);`
- Returns an object with .closed Future and .close() method.
- Uses a StateRoute to handle back button.
- Take the Navigator logic out of the BottomSheet widget.
- Support showing a sheet while an old one is going away.
- Add Navigator.remove().

This makes HeroController ignore StateRoutes when deciding where to
animate heroes to and from.

TransitionRoute completer is now optional.

Factored OverlayRoute out of the modal and persistent bottom sheet clases, since the bottom sheet classes need to drive the performance.

Added a bottom sheet to the stocks demo: long-press on a stock shows a modal bottom sheet.

Made AnimatedModalBarrier public.

Previously, we passed widgets up the hierarchy to display them in the overlay,
but that breaks the change propagation logic because those widgets won't get
rebuilt.  Now we pass WidgetBuilders instead, which can be rebuilt when the
overlay rebuilds.

Fixes #1913

This patch introduces the notion of a ModalRoute that puts up a modal barrier
and makes the route invisible to hit testing when its animating out. This patch
also uses this mechanism in a number of places (including PageRoute). There are
still a few more cases to convert, but that's work for a future patch.

Fixes #1684