Fixes #10350

Adds a widgets that blocks all semantics of widgets below it in paint order within the same container (#10425)

This prevents some of our mixins from being subclassed.

Also, move mixins to using 'extends' instead of 'implements' for
future compatibility with Dart changes.

Also, rename a class that had Mixin in the name but was not a mixin.

* preview of prefer_asserts_in_initializer_list lint

* fix issue

Extract layout logic in material app bar to a common file that can be reused for cupertino

Fixes https://github.com/flutter/flutter/issues/10399

Fixes https://github.com/flutter/flutter/issues/9923

Replace a misplaced StatelessWidget class with StatefulWidget class

Minor fixes throughout, e.g. removing trailing commas from the end of sample code expressions, changing headings to "sample code" more consistently, removing stale todos, fix typos in a private method name, minor grammar fixes, added some clarifications to CircularProgressIndicator, LinearProgressIndicator, CrossAxisAlignment, added some cross-references to various members, made it slightly clearer that layout algorithms are implementation details.

Clarified "elevation" throughout.

Added docs to InkResponse and InkWell.

Added sample code for: SliverAppBar, Card, ListTile, EdgeInsets, Row, Column, CustomScrollView, ListView, SliverFixedExtentList, and SliverGrid.

Fixes #10317.
Fixes #10316.
Fixes #10267. (sort of, see comment therein)
Fixes #9331. (sort of, see comment therein)
Fixes #9407. (sort of, see comment therein)

* Rolls the engine to 75c74dc463d56e17be10315cfde409010fd8f90b.
* Adds framework support for the `AppLifecycleState.inactive` and `AppLifecycleState.suspending` states.

What are the new states?
------------------------
* `AppLifecycleState.inactive` is emitted on iOS only and corresponds to iOS's foreground inactive state. Current iOS state transitions are:
`resumed` <--> `inactive` <--> `paused`

* `AppLifecycleState.suspending` is currently emitted on Android only and corresponds to the
transition to Android's stopped state. Current Android state transitions are:
`resumed` <--> `paused` --> `suspending` --> `resumed`

These transitions may change in future.

This is a breaking change on iOS
--------------------------------

This changes the semantics of the `AppLifecycleState.paused` state on
iOS. The behaviour associated with this state is unchanged on Android.

For background on iOS application states see the state transition
diagram in the [App Programming Guide for iOS](https://developer.apple.com/library/content/documentation/iPhone/Conceptual/iPhoneOSProgrammingGuide/TheAppLifeCycle/TheAppLifeCycle.html#//apple_ref/doc/uid/TP40007072-CH2-SW6).

On iOS, prior to this change, `AppLifecycleState.paused` corresponded to
a transition to the _foreground inactive_ state. It now corresponds to a
transition to the _background state_. The newly-added
`AppLifecycleState.inactive` state now corresponds to entering the
_foreground inactive_ state, which (currently) has no exact analogue on
Android.

Briefly, the _foreground inactive_ state is the state entered when
switching from an app to the app switcher, receiving a phone call, or
responding to a TouchID request. Apps are permitted to continue
animating/updating views in this state if desired. From the _foreground
inactive_ state, the app may transition back to _active_ (e.g., entering
the app switcher then resuming the app), or to the _background_ state
(e.g., switching to the home screen or another app).

What to change
--------------
If your app does not handle the `AppLifecycleState.paused` state in a
`WidgetsBindingObserver.didChangeAppLifecycleState` implementation, no
changes are required.

If you do handle `AppLifecycleState.paused`, you may additionally wish
to also handle `AppLifecycleState.inactive`. For example, games should
probably pause on entering the app switcher rather than wait to be
backgrounded.

More details
------------
For background on Android application states see the state transition
diagram in the [Android Activity Lifecycle docs](https://developer.android.com/guide/components/activities/activity-lifecycle.html#alc).

Move some Cupertino colors to a common file. 

Create a CupertinoTabBar widget to mimic iOS looks

I added a bunch of sample code to the core Widget subclasses so that
people would see that you are supposed to always include the `key`
argument.

I added some tests for the bug that I fixed.
I added docs for IconButton and AppBar.
I added some new constructors for FractionalOffset.

Moved everything icons related except the material icon button and the materialicon font list to widget

Previously we used logical pixels. This made the accessibility metrics
tiny on modern devices, since the OS works in physical units.

Also add a bit more debugging info and some docs.

Previously we threw an exception to require a non-null value. Now we
just treat null as the common case of not stopping propagation.

Fixes #9989

See https://github.com/flutter/flutter/issues/9473

Previously, we would strand the old route in the overlay even though it had
been removed from the history.

The default is topCenter, which is sensible, but someone might want to use a
bottomCenter alignment, for example.