Previously we were doing the bounds testing for hit tests in the parent, but
that doesn't work if the child paints at a location other than 0.0, 0.0. Now we
do the bounds check in the child. This also simplifies Scaffold's hit testing.

Fixes #558

This introduces the concept of an Anchor, which you can use to link
transitions together. I've used this in the Fitness and Stocks apps to
link the FAB and SnackBar to animate together by sharing the
SlideTransition.

I also fixed the Scaffold hit testing code to apply sub-widget
transforms, so it works with Transformed nodes.

It was confusing to have both widget.dart and widgets.dart

This fixes some theoretical bugs whereby we were using hashCode to try
to get unique keys for objects, but really we wanted object identity.
It also lays the groundwork for a new GlobalKey concept.

I tried to keep the impact on the code minimal, which is why the "Key"
constructor is actually a factory that returns a StringKey. The code
has this class hierarchy:

```
   KeyBase
    |
   Key--------------+---------------+
    |               |               |
   StringKey    ObjectKey       UniqueKey
```

...where the constructors are Key and Key.stringify (StringKey),
Key.fromObjectIdentity (ObjectKey), and Key.unique (UniqueKey).

We could instead of factory methods use regular constructors with the
following hierarchy:

```
   KeyBase
    |
   LocalKey---------+---------------+
    |               |               |
   Key      ObjectIdentityKey   UniqueKey
```

...with constructors Key, Key.stringify, ObjectIdentityKey, and
UniqueKey, but I felt that that was maybe a more confusing hierarchy.
I don't have a strong opinion on this.