Based on feedback from various desktop developers, and to be consistent between the defaults and the sample code, this PR switches the default for visual density in desktop themes to be compact instead of standard.

It also removes the same setting from the sample code generated by "flutter create" because it is no longer needed now that it is the default.

This reverts commit cb4b8677.

Create a new TextSelectionTheme for text selection properties.

* add language version 2.8 in packages/flutter

* enable non-nullable analyzer flag

Adds a VisualDensity.adaptivePlatformDensity static function that returns different values for visual density based on the defaultTargetPlatform. Returns compact for desktop platforms, and a default visual density for other platforms.

[a11y] Make sure RenderFractionalTranslation updates its semantics after the translation field is set (#48985)

This contains the test changes for adding TargetPlatform.macOS, which was done in #43457.

The main goal of this PR is to enable tests in the material library that are currently running only on iOS to also run on macOS, but only for the tests where that makes sense. For instance, we don't run any of the haptic feedback tests on macOS.

* Add a density attribute to ThemeData

* Simplify tests

* Review changes (Hans)

* Update project.pbxproj files to say Flutter rather than Chromium

Also, the templates now have an empty organization so that we don't cause people to give their apps a Flutter copyright.

* Update the copyright notice checker to require a standard notice on all files

* Update copyrights on Dart files. (This was a mechanical commit.)

* Fix weird license headers on Dart files that deviate from our conventions; relicense Shrine.

Some were already marked "The Flutter Authors", not clear why. Their
dates have been normalized. Some were missing the blank line after the
license. Some were randomly different in trivial ways for no apparent
reason (e.g. missing the trailing period).

* Clean up the copyrights in non-Dart files. (Manual edits.)

Also, make sure templates don't have copyrights.

* Fix some more ORGANIZATIONNAMEs

Also updated the documentation for the ThemeData constructor to include
descriptions of parameters that don't map to specific fields directly.

* set the copyWith toggleButtonsTheme argument type to ToggleButtonsThemeData

* add a ThemeData.copyWith test

Provide a new ThemeData.from() method that constructs a Theme based off the colors in a given ColorScheme.

[Material] Update slider and slider theme with new sizes, shapes, and color mappings (2nd attempt) (#31564)

#30390 was rolled back. This PR will re-roll it forward.

This PR makes a number of changes to the visual appearance of material sliders:

Sizes/Shapes
** enabled thumb radius from 6 to 10
** disabled thumb radius from 4 to 10 with no gap
** default track shape is a rounded rect rather than a rect
**
Colors
** all of the colors now use the new color scheme
** overlay opacity has been reduce from 16% to 12%
** value indicator text color now respects the indicator it is on by using onPrimary
** disabledThumb color no respects the surface it is on by using onSurface
The slider theme is also now constructed consistently with other theme objects within the ThemeData. By default, all values are null, and have default values that are resolved in the slider itself, rather than in the slider theme.

Revert "[Material] Update slider and slider theme with new sizes, shapes, and color mappings (#30390)" (#31339)

This reverts commit b1039f0f.

(This is a temporary revert while some of our customers deal with the breaking changes involved.)

This PR makes a number of changes to the visual appearance of material sliders:

Sizes/Shapes
** enabled thumb radius from 6 to 10
** disabled thumb radius from 4 to 10 with no gap
** default track shape is a rounded rect rather than a rect
**
Colors
** all of the colors now use the new color scheme
** overlay opacity has been reduce from 16% to 12%
** value indicator text color now respects the indicator it is on by using onPrimary
** disabledThumb color no respects the surface it is on by using onSurface
The slider theme is also now constructed consistently with other theme objects within the ThemeData. By default, all values are null, and have default values that are resolved in the slider itself, rather than in the slider theme.

* enable lint unnecessary_new

* fix tests

* fix tests

* fix tests

It was causing problems rolling Flutter into Fuchsia

* re-enable lint unnecessary_const

* remove trailling whitespaces

* remove unnecessary const (after merge)