Previously, focus nodes created in the tab scaffold were not being disposed of properly, causing possible memory leaks. Also, the builder wasn't being passed the right context so that the FocusScope.of operator inside of a builder would find the focus scope for the given tab (it was being passed the context of the overall tab scaffold).

Add CupertinoTabController that allows a CupertinoTabScaffold's current page to be controlled from an ancestor widget.

This re-lands the Focus changes in #30040. Correctness changes in routes.dart, and removes the automatic requesting of focus on reparent when there is no current focus, which caused undesirable selections.

Addresses #11344, #1608, #13264, and #1678
Fixes #30084
Fixes #26704

This reverts commit 4218c0bc.

Implements focus traversal for desktop platforms, including re-implementing the existing focus manager and focus tree.

This implements a Focus widget that can be put into a widget tree to allow input focus to be given to a particular part of a widget tree.

It incorporates with the existing FocusScope and FocusNode infrastructure, and has minimal breakage to the API, although FocusScope.reparentIfNeeded is removed, replaced by a call to FocusAttachment.reparent(), so this is a breaking change:

FocusScopeNodes must now be attached to the focus tree using FocusScopeNode.attach, which takes a context and an optional onKey callback, and returns a FocusAttachment that should be kept by the widget that hosts the FocusScopeNode. This is necessary because of the need to make sure that the focus tree reflects the widget hierarchy.

Callers that used to call FocusScope(context).reparentIfNeeded in their build method will call reparent  on a FocusAttachment instead, which they will obtain by calling FocusScopeNode.attach in their initState method. Widgets that own FocusNodes will need to call dispose on the focus node in their dispose method.

Addresses #11344, #1608, #13264, and #1678
Fixes #30084
Fixes #26704

* add trailing commas on list/map/parameters

* add trailing commas on Invocation with nb of arg>1

* add commas for widget containing widgets

* add trailing commas if instantiation contains trailing comma

* revert bad change

This converts existing ## Sample code samples to {@tool sample}...{@end-tool} form.

Also:
1. Fixed a minor bug in analyze-sample-code.dart
2. Made the snippet tool only insert descriptions if the description is non-empty.
3. Moved the Card diagram to before the code sample.

* enable lint prefer_void_to_null

* replace last Null by void

* enable lint unnecessary_new

* fix tests

* fix tests

* fix tests

* lint unnecessary_new on samples

* fix tests

* Let CupertinoTabScaffold's tab be programmatically selectable

* Re-use the tab bar's index instead

* review

* Fix focus switching when changing tabs in CupertinoTabScaffold

* review

* Test focuses are saved within tabs

* review

Let translucent Cupertino bars have its scaffold children automatically pad their heights - second try (#13440)

* Let translucent Cupertino bars have its scaffold children automatically pad their heights (#13194)

* Let lists automatically add sliver padding from media query. Translucent nav and tab bars leave behind media query paddings in scaffolds.

* tests

* const lint

* Rename base abstract class to generalized ObstructingPreferredSizeWidget

* review

* More docs and comments from #13317

Revert "Let translucent Cupertino bars have its scaffold children automatically pad their heights (#13194)" (#13317)

This reverts commit 5c4ffa13.

* Let lists automatically add sliver padding from media query. Translucent nav and tab bars leave behind media query paddings in scaffolds.

* tests

* const lint

* Rename base abstract class to generalized ObstructingPreferredSizeWidget

* enable lint prefer_const_constructors_in_immutables

* remove LabeledGlobalKey._

Unlike FractionalOffset, Alignment uses the center as the zero of the
coordinate system, which makes the RTL math work out much cleaner.

Also, make FractionalOffset into a subclass of Alignment so that clients
can continue to use FractionalOffset.

* Refactor CupertinoScaffold

* Rename rootTabPageBuilder to tabBuilder

* fix tab transparency padding

* add a CupertinoTab

* Add default background color

* Add a bunch of examples

* A bunch of tests

* Refactor CupertinoScaffold

* Rename rootTabPageBuilder to tabBuilder

* fix tab transparency padding

* Add default background color

* review notes

* fix test

* review

* Rename CupertinoTab to CupertinoTabView

* remove final ; in sample code for analyzer

* Refactor CupertinoScaffold

* Rename rootTabPageBuilder to tabBuilder

* fix tab transparency padding

* Add default background color

* review notes

* fix test