Update analysis, linter, and repo links in analysis options (#129686)

Contributes to https://github.com/dart-lang/linter/issues/4460 and https://github.com/dart-lang/site-www/issues/4499

analysis_options.yaml

 # Specify analysis options.
 #
-# For a list of lints, see: http://dart-lang.github.io/linter/lints/
-# See the configuration guide for more
-# https://github.com/dart-lang/sdk/tree/main/pkg/analyzer#configuring-the-analyzer
+# For a list of lints, see: https://dart.dev/lints
+# For guidelines on configuring static analysis, see:
+# https://dart.dev/guides/language/analysis-options
 #
 # There are other similar analysis options files in the flutter repos,
 # which should be kept in sync with this file:
 #
 #   - analysis_options.yaml (this file)
-#   - https://github.com/flutter/plugins/blob/master/analysis_options.yaml
-#   - https://github.com/flutter/engine/blob/master/analysis_options.yaml
-#   - https://github.com/flutter/packages/blob/master/analysis_options.yaml
+#   - https://github.com/flutter/engine/blob/main/analysis_options.yaml
+#   - https://github.com/flutter/packages/blob/main/analysis_options.yaml
 #
 # This file contains the analysis options used for code in the flutter/flutter
 # repository.
@@ -31,7 +30,7 @@ analyzer:
 linter:
   rules:
     # This list is derived from the list of all available lints located at
-    # https://github.com/dart-lang/linter/blob/master/example/all.yaml
+    # https://github.com/dart-lang/linter/blob/main/example/all.yaml
     - always_declare_return_types
     - always_put_control_body_on_new_line
     # - always_put_required_named_parameters_first # we prefer having parameters in the same order as fields https://github.com/flutter/flutter/issues/10219