fix scrollable widget scrollDirection update bug (#82025)

packages/flutter/lib/src/widgets/scroll_position.dart

@@ -506,6 +506,7 @@ abstract class ScrollPosition extends ViewportOffset with ScrollMetrics {
 
   bool _pendingDimensions = false;
   ScrollMetrics? _lastMetrics;
+  Axis? _lastAxis;
 
   @override
   bool applyContentDimensions(double minScrollExtent, double maxScrollExtent) {
@@ -514,12 +515,14 @@ abstract class ScrollPosition extends ViewportOffset with ScrollMetrics {
     assert(haveDimensions == (_lastMetrics != null));
     if (!nearEqual(_minScrollExtent, minScrollExtent, Tolerance.defaultTolerance.distance) ||
         !nearEqual(_maxScrollExtent, maxScrollExtent, Tolerance.defaultTolerance.distance) ||
-        _didChangeViewportDimensionOrReceiveCorrection) {
+        _didChangeViewportDimensionOrReceiveCorrection ||
+        _lastAxis != axis) {
       assert(minScrollExtent != null);
       assert(maxScrollExtent != null);
       assert(minScrollExtent <= maxScrollExtent);
       _minScrollExtent = minScrollExtent;
       _maxScrollExtent = maxScrollExtent;
+      _lastAxis = axis;
       final ScrollMetrics? currentMetrics = haveDimensions ? copyWith() : null;
       _didChangeViewportDimensionOrReceiveCorrection = false;
       _pendingDimensions = true;

packages/flutter/test/rendering/viewport_test.dart

@@ -45,6 +45,50 @@ class _TestSliverPersistentHeaderDelegate extends SliverPersistentHeaderDelegate
 }
 
 void main() {
+  testWidgets('Scrollable widget scrollDirection update test', (WidgetTester tester) async {
+    final ScrollController controller = ScrollController();
+    Widget buildFrame(Axis axis) {
+      return Directionality(
+        textDirection: TextDirection.ltr,
+        child: Center(
+          child: SizedBox(
+            height: 100.0,
+            width: 100.0,
+            child: SingleChildScrollView(
+              controller: controller,
+              scrollDirection: axis,
+              child: const SizedBox(
+                width: 200,
+                height: 200,
+                child: SizedBox.shrink(),
+              ),
+            ),
+          ),
+        ),
+      );
+    }
+
+    await tester.pumpWidget(buildFrame(Axis.vertical));
+    expect(controller.position.pixels, 0.0);
+
+    // Change the SingleChildScrollView.scrollDirection to horizontal.
+    await tester.pumpWidget(buildFrame(Axis.horizontal));
+    expect(controller.position.pixels, 0.0);
+
+    final TestGesture gesture = await tester.startGesture(const Offset(400.0, 300.0));
+    // Drag in the vertical direction should not cause scrolling.
+    await gesture.moveBy(const Offset(0.0, 10.0));
+    expect(controller.position.pixels, 0.0);
+    await gesture.moveBy(const Offset(0.0, -10.0));
+    expect(controller.position.pixels, 0.0);
+
+    // Drag in the horizontal direction should cause scrolling.
+    await gesture.moveBy(const Offset(-10.0, 0.0));
+    expect(controller.position.pixels, 10.0);
+    await gesture.moveBy(const Offset(10.0, 0.0));
+    expect(controller.position.pixels, 0.0);
+  });
+
   testWidgets('Viewport getOffsetToReveal - down', (WidgetTester tester) async {
     List<Widget> children;
     await tester.pumpWidget(