Relands "Add runWidget to bootstrap a widget tree without a default View" (#142344)

Reverts flutter/flutter#142339

In the original change one of the tests included the same view twice which resulted in a different failure than the expected one. The second commit contains the fix for this. I don't understand how this wasn't caught presubmit on CI.

packages/flutter/lib/src/widgets/binding.dart

@@ -24,6 +24,10 @@ import 'widget_inspector.dart';
 
 export 'dart:ui' show AppLifecycleState, Locale;
 
+// Examples can assume:
+// late FlutterView myFlutterView;
+// class MyApp extends StatelessWidget { const MyApp({super.key}); @override Widget build(BuildContext context) => const Placeholder(); }
+
 /// Interface for classes that register with the Widgets layer binding.
 ///
 /// This can be used by any class, not just widgets. It provides an interface
@@ -1152,14 +1156,20 @@ mixin WidgetsBinding on BindingBase, ServicesBinding, SchedulerBinding, GestureB
   }
 }
 
-/// Inflate the given widget and attach it to the screen.
+/// Inflate the given widget and attach it to the view.
+///
+// TODO(goderbauer): Update the paragraph below to include the Window widget once that exists.
+/// The [runApp] method renders the provided `app` widget into the
+/// [PlatformDispatcher.implicitView] by wrapping it in a [View] widget, which
+/// will bootstrap the render tree for the app. Apps that want to control which
+/// [FlutterView] they render into can use [runWidget] instead.
 ///
 /// The widget is given constraints during layout that force it to fill the
-/// entire screen. If you wish to align your widget to one side of the screen
+/// entire view. If you wish to align your widget to one side of the view
 /// (e.g., the top), consider using the [Align] widget. If you wish to center
 /// your widget, you can also use the [Center] widget.
 ///
-/// Calling [runApp] again will detach the previous root widget from the screen
+/// Calling [runApp] again will detach the previous root widget from the view
 /// and attach the given widget in its place. The new widget tree is compared
 /// against the previous widget tree and any differences are applied to the
 /// underlying render tree, similar to what happens when a [StatefulWidget]
@@ -1167,6 +1177,7 @@ mixin WidgetsBinding on BindingBase, ServicesBinding, SchedulerBinding, GestureB
 ///
 /// Initializes the binding using [WidgetsFlutterBinding] if necessary.
 ///
+/// {@template flutter.widgets.runApp.shutdown}
 /// ## Application shutdown
 ///
 /// This widget tree is not torn down when the application shuts down, because
@@ -1178,29 +1189,32 @@ mixin WidgetsBinding on BindingBase, ServicesBinding, SchedulerBinding, GestureB
 /// Applications are responsible for ensuring that they are well-behaved
 /// even in the face of a rapid unscheduled termination.
 ///
-/// To artificially cause the entire widget tree to be disposed, consider
-/// calling [runApp] with a widget such as [SizedBox.shrink].
-///
 /// To listen for platform shutdown messages (and other lifecycle changes),
 /// consider the [AppLifecycleListener] API.
+/// {@endtemplate}
 ///
-/// ## Dismissing Flutter UI via platform native methods
+/// To artificially cause the entire widget tree to be disposed, consider
+/// calling [runApp] with a widget such as [SizedBox.shrink].
 ///
 /// {@template flutter.widgets.runApp.dismissal}
+/// ## Dismissing Flutter UI via platform native methods
+///
 /// An application may have both Flutter and non-Flutter UI in it. If the
 /// application calls non-Flutter methods to remove Flutter based UI such as
 /// platform native API to manipulate the platform native navigation stack,
 /// the framework does not know if the developer intends to eagerly free
 /// resources or not. The widget tree remains mounted and ready to render
 /// as soon as it is displayed again.
+/// {@endtemplate}
 ///
 /// To release resources more eagerly, establish a [platform channel](https://flutter.dev/platform-channels/)
 /// and use it to call [runApp] with a widget such as [SizedBox.shrink] when
 /// the framework should dispose of the active widget tree.
-/// {@endtemplate}
 ///
 /// See also:
 ///
+///  * [runWidget], which bootstraps a widget tree without assuming the
+///    [FlutterView] into which it will be rendered.
 ///  * [WidgetsBinding.attachRootWidget], which creates the root widget for the
 ///    widget hierarchy.
 ///  * [RenderObjectToWidgetAdapter.attachToRenderTree], which creates the root
@@ -1209,9 +1223,75 @@ mixin WidgetsBinding on BindingBase, ServicesBinding, SchedulerBinding, GestureB
 ///    ensure the widget, element, and render trees are all built.
 void runApp(Widget app) {
   final WidgetsBinding binding = WidgetsFlutterBinding.ensureInitialized();
-  assert(binding.debugCheckZone('runApp'));
+  _runWidget(binding.wrapWithDefaultView(app), binding, 'runApp');
+}
+
+/// Inflate the given widget and bootstrap the widget tree.
+///
+// TODO(goderbauer): Update the paragraph below to include the Window widget once that exists.
+/// Unlike [runApp], this method does not define a [FlutterView] into which the
+/// provided `app` widget is rendered into. It is up to the caller to include at
+/// least one [View] widget in the provided `app` widget that will bootstrap a
+/// render tree and define the [FlutterView] into which content is rendered.
+/// [RenderObjectWidget]s without an ancestor [View] widget will result in an
+/// exception. Apps that want to render into the default view without dealing
+/// with view management should consider calling [runApp] instead.
+///
+/// {@tool snippet}
+/// The sample shows how to utilize [runWidget] to specify the [FlutterView]
+/// into which the `MyApp` widget will be drawn:
+///
+/// ```dart
+/// runWidget(
+///   View(
+///     view: myFlutterView,
+///     child: const MyApp(),
+///   ),
+/// );
+/// ```
+/// {@end-tool}
+///
+/// Calling [runWidget] again will detach the previous root widget and attach
+/// the given widget in its place. The new widget tree is compared against the
+/// previous widget tree and any differences are applied to the underlying
+/// render tree, similar to what happens when a [StatefulWidget] rebuilds after
+/// calling [State.setState].
+///
+/// Initializes the binding using [WidgetsFlutterBinding] if necessary.
+///
+/// {@macro flutter.widgets.runApp.shutdown}
+///
+/// To artificially cause the entire widget tree to be disposed, consider
+/// calling [runWidget] with a [ViewCollection] that does not specify any
+/// [ViewCollection.views].
+///
+/// ## Dismissing Flutter UI via platform native methods
+///
+/// {@macro flutter.widgets.runApp.dismissal}
+///
+/// To release resources more eagerly, establish a [platform channel](https://flutter.dev/platform-channels/)
+/// and use it to remove the [View] whose widget resources should be released
+/// from the `app` widget tree provided to [runWidget].
+///
+/// See also:
+///
+///  * [runApp], which bootstraps a widget tree and renders it into a default
+///    [FlutterView].
+///  * [WidgetsBinding.attachRootWidget], which creates the root widget for the
+///    widget hierarchy.
+///  * [RenderObjectToWidgetAdapter.attachToRenderTree], which creates the root
+///    element for the element hierarchy.
+///  * [WidgetsBinding.handleBeginFrame], which pumps the widget pipeline to
+///    ensure the widget, element, and render trees are all built.
+void runWidget(Widget app) {
+  final WidgetsBinding binding = WidgetsFlutterBinding.ensureInitialized();
+  _runWidget(app, binding, 'runWidget');
+}
+
+void _runWidget(Widget app, WidgetsBinding binding, String debugEntryPoint) {
+  assert(binding.debugCheckZone(debugEntryPoint));
   binding
-    ..scheduleAttachRootWidget(binding.wrapWithDefaultView(app))
+    ..scheduleAttachRootWidget(app)
     ..scheduleWarmUpFrame();
 }
 

packages/flutter/lib/src/widgets/framework.dart

@@ -1325,10 +1325,11 @@ abstract class State<T extends StatefulWidget> with Diagnosticable {
   /// To listen for platform shutdown messages (and other lifecycle changes),
   /// consider the [AppLifecycleListener] API.
   ///
-  /// ### Dismissing Flutter UI via platform native methods
-  ///
   /// {@macro flutter.widgets.runApp.dismissal}
   ///
+  /// See the method used to bootstrap the app (e.g. [runApp] or [runWidget])
+  /// for suggestions on how to release resources more eagerly.
+  ///
   /// See also:
   ///
   ///  * [deactivate], which is called prior to [dispose].
@@ -6970,9 +6971,16 @@ abstract class RenderTreeRootElement extends RenderObjectElement {
             'however, expects that a child will be attached.',
           ),
           ErrorHint(
-            'Try moving the subtree that contains the ${toStringShort()} widget into the '
-            'view property of a ViewAnchor widget or to the root of the widget tree, where '
-            'it is not expected to attach its RenderObject to a parent.',
+            'Try moving the subtree that contains the ${toStringShort()} widget '
+            'to a location where it is not expected to attach its RenderObject '
+            'to a parent. This could mean moving the subtree into the view '
+            'property of a "ViewAnchor" widget or - if the subtree is the root of '
+            'your widget tree - passing it to "runWidget" instead of "runApp".',
+          ),
+          ErrorHint(
+            'If you are seeing this error in a test and the subtree containing '
+            'the ${toStringShort()} widget is passed to "WidgetTester.pumpWidget", '
+            'consider setting the "wrapWithView" parameter of that method to false.'
           ),
         ],
       );

packages/flutter/test/rendering/view_constraints_test.dart

@@ -13,9 +13,9 @@ void main() {
       ..physicalConstraints = ViewConstraints.tight(const Size(1008.0, 2198.0))
       ..devicePixelRatio = 1.912500023841858;
 
-    await pumpWidgetWithoutViewWrapper(
-      tester: tester,
-      widget: View(
+    await tester.pumpWidget(
+      wrapWithView: false,
+      View(
         view: view,
         child: const SizedBox(),
       ),
@@ -35,9 +35,3 @@ class FlutterViewSpy extends TestFlutterView  {
     sizes.add(size);
   }
 }
-
-Future<void> pumpWidgetWithoutViewWrapper({required WidgetTester tester, required  Widget widget}) {
-  tester.binding.attachRootWidget(widget);
-  tester.binding.scheduleFrame();
-  return tester.binding.pump();
-}

packages/flutter/test/widgets/debug_test.dart

@@ -98,9 +98,9 @@ void main() {
   testWidgets('debugCheckHasMediaQuery control test', (WidgetTester tester) async {
     // Cannot use tester.pumpWidget here because it wraps the widget in a View,
     // which introduces a MediaQuery ancestor.
-    await pumpWidgetWithoutViewWrapper(
-      tester: tester,
-      widget: Builder(
+    await tester.pumpWidget(
+      wrapWithView: false,
+      Builder(
         builder: (BuildContext context) {
           late FlutterError error;
           try {
@@ -343,9 +343,3 @@ void main() {
     expect(renderObject.debugLayer?.debugCreator, isNotNull);
   });
 }
-
-Future<void> pumpWidgetWithoutViewWrapper({required WidgetTester tester, required  Widget widget}) {
-  tester.binding.attachRootWidget(widget);
-  tester.binding.scheduleFrame();
-  return tester.binding.pump();
-}

packages/flutter/test/widgets/media_query_test.dart

@@ -47,9 +47,9 @@ void main() {
     late final FlutterError error;
     // Cannot use tester.pumpWidget here because it wraps the widget in a View,
     // which introduces a MediaQuery ancestor.
-    await pumpWidgetWithoutViewWrapper(
-      tester: tester,
-      widget: Builder(
+    await tester.pumpWidget(
+      wrapWithView: false,
+      Builder(
         builder: (BuildContext context) {
           try {
             MediaQuery.of(context);
@@ -111,9 +111,9 @@ void main() {
     bool tested = false;
     // Cannot use tester.pumpWidget here because it wraps the widget in a View,
     // which introduces a MediaQuery ancestor.
-    await pumpWidgetWithoutViewWrapper(
-      tester: tester,
-      widget: Builder(
+    await tester.pumpWidget(
+      wrapWithView: false,
+      Builder(
         builder: (BuildContext context) {
           final MediaQueryData? data = MediaQuery.maybeOf(context);
           expect(data, isNull);
@@ -287,9 +287,9 @@ void main() {
 
     late MediaQueryData data;
     MediaQueryData? outerData;
-    await pumpWidgetWithoutViewWrapper(
-      tester: tester,
-      widget: Builder(
+    await tester.pumpWidget(
+      wrapWithView: false,
+      Builder(
         builder: (BuildContext context) {
           outerData = MediaQuery.maybeOf(context);
           return MediaQuery.fromView(
@@ -342,9 +342,9 @@ void main() {
     late MediaQueryData data;
     MediaQueryData? outerData;
     int rebuildCount = 0;
-    await pumpWidgetWithoutViewWrapper(
-      tester: tester,
-      widget: Builder(
+    await tester.pumpWidget(
+      wrapWithView: false,
+      Builder(
         builder: (BuildContext context) {
           outerData = MediaQuery.maybeOf(context);
           return MediaQuery.fromView(
@@ -1531,9 +1531,3 @@ void main() {
     ]
   ));
 }
-
-Future<void> pumpWidgetWithoutViewWrapper({required WidgetTester tester, required  Widget widget}) {
-  tester.binding.attachRootWidget(widget);
-  tester.binding.scheduleFrame();
-  return tester.binding.pump();
-}

packages/flutter/test/widgets/multi_view_binding_test.dart

@@ -26,7 +26,7 @@ void main() {
 
     final RootWidget rootWidget = RootWidget(
       child: View(
-        view: tester.view,
+        view: FakeFlutterView(tester.view),
         child: const ColoredBox(color: Colors.orange),
       ),
     );
@@ -36,4 +36,52 @@ void main() {
     expect(tester.binding.rootElement!.widget, equals(rootWidget));
     expect(tester.element(find.byType(ColoredBox)).owner, equals(tester.binding.buildOwner));
   });
+
+  testWidgets('runApp throws if given a View', (WidgetTester tester) async {
+    runApp(
+      View(
+        view: FakeFlutterView(tester.view),
+        child: const SizedBox.shrink(),
+      ),
+    );
+    expect(
+      tester.takeException(),
+      isFlutterError.having(
+        (FlutterError e) => e.message,
+        'message',
+        contains('passing it to "runWidget" instead of "runApp"'),
+      ),
+    );
+  });
+
+  testWidgets('runWidget throws if not given a View', (WidgetTester tester) async {
+    runWidget(const SizedBox.shrink());
+    expect(
+      tester.takeException(),
+      isFlutterError.having(
+        (FlutterError e) => e.message,
+        'message',
+        contains('Try wrapping your widget in a View widget'),
+      ),
+    );
+  });
+
+  testWidgets('runWidget does not throw if given a View', (WidgetTester tester) async {
+    runWidget(
+      View(
+        view: FakeFlutterView(tester.view),
+        child: const SizedBox.shrink(),
+      ),
+    );
+    expect(find.byType(View), findsOne);
+  });
+
+  testWidgets('can call runWidget with an empty ViewCollection', (WidgetTester tester) async {
+    runWidget(const ViewCollection(views: <Widget>[]));
+    expect(find.byType(ViewCollection), findsOne);
+  });
+}
+
+class FakeFlutterView extends TestFlutterView {
+  FakeFlutterView(TestFlutterView view) : super(view: view, display: view.display, platformDispatcher: view.platformDispatcher);
 }

packages/flutter/test/widgets/multi_view_tree_updates_test.dart

@@ -15,9 +15,9 @@ void main() {
       child: const TestWidget(),
     );
 
-    await pumpWidgetWithoutViewWrapper(
-      tester: tester,
-      widget: widget,
+    await tester.pumpWidget(
+      wrapWithView: false,
+      widget,
     );
 
     expect(find.text('Hello'), findsOneWidget);
@@ -29,9 +29,9 @@ void main() {
     expect(find.text('World'), findsOneWidget);
     expect(tester.renderObject<RenderParagraph>(find.byType(Text)).text.toPlainText(), 'World');
 
-    await pumpWidgetWithoutViewWrapper(
-      tester: tester,
-      widget: ViewCollection(
+    await tester.pumpWidget(
+      wrapWithView: false,
+      ViewCollection(
         views: <Widget>[widget],
       ),
     );
@@ -40,9 +40,9 @@ void main() {
     expect(tester.renderObject<RenderParagraph>(find.byType(Text)).text.toPlainText(), 'World');
 
     tester.state<TestWidgetState>(find.byType(TestWidget)).text = 'FooBar';
-    await pumpWidgetWithoutViewWrapper(
-      tester: tester,
-      widget: widget,
+    await tester.pumpWidget(
+      wrapWithView: false,
+      widget,
     );
     expect(find.text('World'), findsNothing);
     expect(find.text('FooBar'), findsOneWidget);
@@ -65,9 +65,9 @@ void main() {
       child: TestWidget(key: key2),
     );
 
-    await pumpWidgetWithoutViewWrapper(
-      tester: tester,
-      widget: ViewCollection(
+    await tester.pumpWidget(
+      wrapWithView: false,
+      ViewCollection(
         views: <Widget>[view1, view2],
       ),
     );
@@ -91,9 +91,9 @@ void main() {
     expect(renderParagraphTexts(), <String>['Guten', 'Abend']);
 
     tester.state<TestWidgetState>(find.byKey(key2)).text = 'Morgen';
-    await pumpWidgetWithoutViewWrapper(
-      tester: tester,
-      widget: ViewCollection(
+    await tester.pumpWidget(
+      wrapWithView: false,
+      ViewCollection(
         views: <Widget>[view1, ViewCollection(views: <Widget>[view2])],
       ),
     );
@@ -202,9 +202,3 @@ class TestWidgetState extends State<TestWidget> {
     return Text(text, textDirection: TextDirection.ltr);
   }
 }
-
-Future<void> pumpWidgetWithoutViewWrapper({required WidgetTester tester, required  Widget widget}) {
-  tester.binding.attachRootWidget(widget);
-  tester.binding.scheduleFrame();
-  return tester.binding.pump();
-}

packages/flutter/test/widgets/view_test.dart

@@ -77,9 +77,9 @@ void main() {
     PipelineOwner? outsideParent;
     PipelineOwner? insideParent;
 
-    await pumpWidgetWithoutViewWrapper(
-      tester: tester,
-      widget: Builder(
+    await tester.pumpWidget(
+      wrapWithView: false,
+      Builder(
         builder: (BuildContext context) {
           outsideView = View.maybeOf(context);
           outsideParent = View.pipelineOwnerOf(context);
@@ -114,9 +114,9 @@ void main() {
   });
 
   testWidgets('cannot have multiple views with same FlutterView', (WidgetTester tester) async {
-    await pumpWidgetWithoutViewWrapper(
-      tester: tester,
-      widget: ViewCollection(
+    await tester.pumpWidget(
+      wrapWithView: false,
+      ViewCollection(
         views: <Widget>[
           View(
             view: tester.view,
@@ -224,9 +224,9 @@ void main() {
   });
 
   testWidgets('visitChildren of ViewCollection visits all children', (WidgetTester tester) async {
-    await pumpWidgetWithoutViewWrapper(
-      tester: tester,
-      widget: ViewCollection(
+    await tester.pumpWidget(
+      wrapWithView: false,
+      ViewCollection(
         views: <Widget>[
           View(
             view: tester.view,
@@ -250,9 +250,9 @@ void main() {
     });
     expect(children, hasLength(3));
 
-    await pumpWidgetWithoutViewWrapper(
-      tester: tester,
-      widget: ViewCollection(
+    await tester.pumpWidget(
+      wrapWithView: false,
+      ViewCollection(
         views: <Widget>[
           View(
             view: tester.view,
@@ -271,9 +271,9 @@ void main() {
   group('renderObject getter', () {
     testWidgets('ancestors of view see RenderView as renderObject', (WidgetTester tester) async {
       late BuildContext builderContext;
-      await pumpWidgetWithoutViewWrapper(
-        tester: tester,
-        widget: Builder(
+      await tester.pumpWidget(
+        wrapWithView: false,
+        Builder(
           builder: (BuildContext context) {
             builderContext = context;
             return View(
@@ -293,9 +293,9 @@ void main() {
 
     testWidgets('ancestors of ViewCollection get null for renderObject', (WidgetTester tester) async {
       late BuildContext builderContext;
-      await pumpWidgetWithoutViewWrapper(
-        tester: tester,
-        widget: Builder(
+      await tester.pumpWidget(
+        wrapWithView: false,
+        Builder(
           builder: (BuildContext context) {
             builderContext = context;
             return ViewCollection(
@@ -345,9 +345,9 @@ void main() {
   });
 
   testWidgets('correctly switches between view configurations', (WidgetTester tester) async {
-    await pumpWidgetWithoutViewWrapper(
-      tester: tester,
-      widget: View(
+    await tester.pumpWidget(
+      wrapWithView: false,
+      View(
         view: tester.view,
         deprecatedDoNotUseWillBeRemovedWithoutNoticePipelineOwner: tester.binding.pipelineOwner,
         deprecatedDoNotUseWillBeRemovedWithoutNoticeRenderView: tester.binding.renderView,
@@ -359,9 +359,9 @@ void main() {
     expect(renderView.owner, same(tester.binding.pipelineOwner));
     expect(tester.renderObject(find.byType(SizedBox)).owner, same(tester.binding.pipelineOwner));
 
-    await pumpWidgetWithoutViewWrapper(
-      tester: tester,
-      widget: View(
+    await tester.pumpWidget(
+      wrapWithView: false,
+      View(
         view: tester.view,
         child: const SizedBox(),
       ),
@@ -371,9 +371,9 @@ void main() {
     expect(renderView.owner, isNot(same(tester.binding.pipelineOwner)));
     expect(tester.renderObject(find.byType(SizedBox)).owner, isNot(same(tester.binding.pipelineOwner)));
 
-    await pumpWidgetWithoutViewWrapper(
-      tester: tester,
-      widget: View(
+    await tester.pumpWidget(
+      wrapWithView: false,
+      View(
         view: tester.view,
         deprecatedDoNotUseWillBeRemovedWithoutNoticePipelineOwner: tester.binding.pipelineOwner,
         deprecatedDoNotUseWillBeRemovedWithoutNoticeRenderView: tester.binding.renderView,
@@ -513,12 +513,6 @@ void main() {
   });
 }
 
-Future<void> pumpWidgetWithoutViewWrapper({required WidgetTester tester, required  Widget widget}) {
-  tester.binding.attachRootWidget(widget);
-  tester.binding.scheduleFrame();
-  return tester.binding.pump();
-}
-
 class SpyRenderWidget extends SizedBox {
   const SpyRenderWidget({super.key, required this.label, required this.log, super.child});
 

packages/flutter_test/lib/src/widget_tester.dart

@@ -581,15 +581,23 @@ class WidgetTester extends WidgetController implements HitTestDispatcher, Ticker
   /// ```
   /// {@end-tool}
   ///
+  /// By default, the provided `widget` is rendered into [WidgetTester.view],
+  /// whose properties tests can modify to simulate different scenarios (e.g.
+  /// running on a large/small screen). Tests that want to control the
+  /// [FlutterView] into which content is rendered can set `wrapWithView` to
+  /// false and use [View] widgets in the provided `widget` tree to specify the
+  /// desired [FlutterView]s.
+  ///
   /// See also [LiveTestWidgetsFlutterBindingFramePolicy], which affects how
   /// this method works when the test is run with `flutter run`.
   Future<void> pumpWidget(
     Widget widget, {
     Duration? duration,
     EnginePhase phase = EnginePhase.sendSemanticsUpdate,
+    bool wrapWithView = true,
   }) {
     return TestAsyncUtils.guard<void>(() {
-      binding.attachRootWidget(binding.wrapWithDefaultView(widget));
+      binding.attachRootWidget(wrapWithView ? binding.wrapWithDefaultView(widget) : widget);
       binding.scheduleFrame();
       return binding.pump(duration, phase);
     });

packages/flutter_test/test/multi_view_accessibility_test.dart

@@ -112,7 +112,8 @@ Future<void> pumpViews({required WidgetTester tester, required  List<Widget> vie
       ),
   ];
 
-  tester.binding.attachRootWidget(
+  return tester.pumpWidget(
+    wrapWithView: false,
     Directionality(
       textDirection: TextDirection.ltr,
       child: ViewCollection(
@@ -120,6 +121,4 @@ Future<void> pumpViews({required WidgetTester tester, required  List<Widget> vie
       ),
     ),
   );
-  tester.binding.scheduleFrame();
-  return tester.binding.pump();
 }

packages/flutter_test/test/multi_view_controller_test.dart

@@ -208,7 +208,8 @@ Future<void> pumpViews({required WidgetTester tester}) {
       ),
   ];
 
-  tester.binding.attachRootWidget(
+  return tester.pumpWidget(
+    wrapWithView: false,
     Directionality(
       textDirection: TextDirection.ltr,
       child: ViewCollection(
@@ -216,6 +217,4 @@ Future<void> pumpViews({required WidgetTester tester}) {
       ),
     ),
   );
-  tester.binding.scheduleFrame();
-  return tester.binding.pump();
 }

packages/flutter_test/test/widget_tester_test.dart

@@ -16,6 +16,8 @@ import 'package:flutter_test/flutter_test.dart';
 import 'package:matcher/expect.dart' as matcher;
 import 'package:matcher/src/expect/async_matcher.dart';
 
+import 'multi_view_testing.dart';
+
 void main() {
   group('expectLater', () {
     testWidgets('completes when matcher completes', (WidgetTester tester) async {
@@ -638,6 +640,56 @@ void main() {
         .checkMockMessageHandler(SystemChannels.accessibility.name, null), isTrue);
     });
   });
+
+  testWidgets('wrapWithView: false does not include View', (WidgetTester tester) async {
+    FlutterView? flutterView;
+    View? view;
+    int builderCount = 0;
+    await tester.pumpWidget(
+      wrapWithView: false,
+      Builder(
+        builder: (BuildContext context) {
+          builderCount++;
+          flutterView = View.maybeOf(context);
+          view = context.findAncestorWidgetOfExactType<View>();
+          return const ViewCollection(views: <Widget>[]);
+        },
+      ),
+    );
+
+    expect(builderCount, 1);
+    expect(view, isNull);
+    expect(flutterView, isNull);
+    expect(find.byType(View), findsNothing);
+  });
+
+  testWidgets('passing a view to pumpWidget with wrapWithView: true throws', (WidgetTester tester) async {
+    await tester.pumpWidget(
+      View(
+        view: FakeView(tester.view),
+        child: const SizedBox.shrink(),
+      ),
+    );
+    expect(
+      tester.takeException(),
+      isFlutterError.having(
+        (FlutterError e) => e.message,
+        'message',
+        contains('consider setting the "wrapWithView" parameter of that method to false'),
+      ),
+    );
+  });
+
+  testWidgets('can pass a View to pumpWidget when wrapWithView: false', (WidgetTester tester) async {
+    await tester.pumpWidget(
+      wrapWithView: false,
+      View(
+        view: tester.view,
+        child: const SizedBox.shrink(),
+      ),
+    );
+    expect(find.byType(View), findsOne);
+  });
 }
 
 class FakeMatcher extends AsyncMatcher {