Reland "Speed up first asset load by using the binary-formatted asset manifest...

Reland "Speed up first asset load by using the binary-formatted asset manifest for image resolution" (#122505)

Reland "Speed up first asset load by using the binary-formatted asset manifest for image resolution"

packages/flutter/lib/src/painting/image_resolution.dart

@@ -4,15 +4,12 @@
 
 import 'dart:async';
 import 'dart:collection';
-import 'dart:convert';
 
 import 'package:flutter/foundation.dart';
 import 'package:flutter/services.dart';
 
 import 'image_provider.dart';
 
-const String _kAssetManifestFileName = 'AssetManifest.json';
-
 /// A screen with a device-pixel ratio strictly less than this value is
 /// considered a low-resolution screen (typically entry-level to mid-range
 /// laptops, desktop screens up to QHD, low-end tablets such as Kindle Fire).
@@ -284,18 +281,18 @@ class AssetImage extends AssetBundleImageProvider {
     Completer<AssetBundleImageKey>? completer;
     Future<AssetBundleImageKey>? result;
 
-    chosenBundle.loadStructuredData<Map<String, List<String>>?>(_kAssetManifestFileName, manifestParser).then<void>(
-      (Map<String, List<String>>? manifest) {
-        final String chosenName = _chooseVariant(
+    AssetManifest.loadFromAssetBundle(chosenBundle)
+      .then((AssetManifest manifest) {
+        final Iterable<AssetMetadata>? candidateVariants = manifest.getAssetVariants(keyName);
+        final AssetMetadata chosenVariant = _chooseVariant(
           keyName,
           configuration,
-          manifest == null ? null : manifest[keyName],
-        )!;
-        final double chosenScale = _parseScale(chosenName);
+          candidateVariants,
+        );
         final AssetBundleImageKey key = AssetBundleImageKey(
           bundle: chosenBundle,
-          name: chosenName,
-          scale: chosenScale,
+          name: chosenVariant.key,
+          scale: chosenVariant.targetDevicePixelRatio ?? _naturalResolution,
         );
         if (completer != null) {
           // We already returned from this function, which means we are in the
@@ -309,14 +306,15 @@ class AssetImage extends AssetBundleImageProvider {
           // ourselves.
           result = SynchronousFuture<AssetBundleImageKey>(key);
         }
-      },
-    ).catchError((Object error, StackTrace stack) {
-      // We had an error. (This guarantees we weren't called synchronously.)
-      // Forward the error to the caller.
-      assert(completer != null);
-      assert(result == null);
-      completer!.completeError(error, stack);
-    });
+      })
+      .onError((Object error, StackTrace stack) {
+        // We had an error. (This guarantees we weren't called synchronously.)
+        // Forward the error to the caller.
+        assert(completer != null);
+        assert(result == null);
+        completer!.completeError(error, stack);
+      });
+
     if (result != null) {
       // The code above ran synchronously, and came up with an answer.
       // Return the SynchronousFuture that we created above.
@@ -328,35 +326,24 @@ class AssetImage extends AssetBundleImageProvider {
     return completer.future;
   }
 
-  /// Parses the asset manifest string into a strongly-typed map.
-  @visibleForTesting
-  static Future<Map<String, List<String>>?> manifestParser(String? jsonData) {
-    if (jsonData == null) {
-      return SynchronousFuture<Map<String, List<String>>?>(null);
+  AssetMetadata _chooseVariant(String mainAssetKey, ImageConfiguration config, Iterable<AssetMetadata>? candidateVariants) {
+    if (candidateVariants == null) {
+      return AssetMetadata(key: mainAssetKey, targetDevicePixelRatio: null, main: true);
     }
-    // TODO(ianh): JSON decoding really shouldn't be on the main thread.
-    final Map<String, dynamic> parsedJson = json.decode(jsonData) as Map<String, dynamic>;
-    final Iterable<String> keys = parsedJson.keys;
-    final Map<String, List<String>> parsedManifest = <String, List<String>> {
-      for (final String key in keys) key: List<String>.from(parsedJson[key] as List<dynamic>),
-    };
-    // TODO(ianh): convert that data structure to the right types.
-    return SynchronousFuture<Map<String, List<String>>?>(parsedManifest);
-  }
 
-  String? _chooseVariant(String main, ImageConfiguration config, List<String>? candidates) {
-    if (config.devicePixelRatio == null || candidates == null || candidates.isEmpty) {
-      return main;
+    if (config.devicePixelRatio == null) {
+      return candidateVariants.firstWhere((AssetMetadata variant) => variant.main);
     }
-    // TODO(ianh): Consider moving this parsing logic into _manifestParser.
-    final SplayTreeMap<double, String> mapping = SplayTreeMap<double, String>();
-    for (final String candidate in candidates) {
-      mapping[_parseScale(candidate)] = candidate;
+
+    final SplayTreeMap<double, AssetMetadata> candidatesByDevicePixelRatio =
+      SplayTreeMap<double, AssetMetadata>();
+    for (final AssetMetadata candidate in candidateVariants) {
+      candidatesByDevicePixelRatio[candidate.targetDevicePixelRatio ?? _naturalResolution] = candidate;
     }
     // TODO(ianh): implement support for config.locale, config.textDirection,
     // config.size, config.platform (then document this over in the Image.asset
     // docs)
-    return _findBestVariant(mapping, config.devicePixelRatio!);
+    return _findBestVariant(candidatesByDevicePixelRatio, config.devicePixelRatio!);
   }
 
   // Returns the "best" asset variant amongst the available `candidates`.
@@ -371,17 +358,17 @@ class AssetImage extends AssetBundleImageProvider {
   //   lowest key higher than `value`.
   // - If the screen has high device pixel ratio, choose the variant with the
   //   key nearest to `value`.
-  String? _findBestVariant(SplayTreeMap<double, String> candidates, double value) {
-    if (candidates.containsKey(value)) {
-      return candidates[value]!;
+  AssetMetadata _findBestVariant(SplayTreeMap<double, AssetMetadata> candidatesByDpr, double value) {
+    if (candidatesByDpr.containsKey(value)) {
+      return candidatesByDpr[value]!;
     }
-    final double? lower = candidates.lastKeyBefore(value);
-    final double? upper = candidates.firstKeyAfter(value);
+    final double? lower = candidatesByDpr.lastKeyBefore(value);
+    final double? upper = candidatesByDpr.firstKeyAfter(value);
     if (lower == null) {
-      return candidates[upper];
+      return candidatesByDpr[upper]!;
     }
     if (upper == null) {
-      return candidates[lower];
+      return candidatesByDpr[lower]!;
     }
 
     // On screens with low device-pixel ratios the artifacts from upscaling
@@ -389,30 +376,10 @@ class AssetImage extends AssetBundleImageProvider {
     // ratios because the physical pixels are larger. Choose the higher
     // resolution image in that case instead of the nearest one.
     if (value < _kLowDprLimit || value > (lower + upper) / 2) {
-      return candidates[upper];
+      return candidatesByDpr[upper]!;
     } else {
-      return candidates[lower];
-    }
-  }
-
-  static final RegExp _extractRatioRegExp = RegExp(r'/?(\d+(\.\d*)?)x$');
-
-  double _parseScale(String key) {
-    if (key == assetName) {
-      return _naturalResolution;
-    }
-
-    final Uri assetUri = Uri.parse(key);
-    String directoryPath = '';
-    if (assetUri.pathSegments.length > 1) {
-      directoryPath = assetUri.pathSegments[assetUri.pathSegments.length - 2];
-    }
-
-    final Match? match = _extractRatioRegExp.firstMatch(directoryPath);
-    if (match != null && match.groupCount > 0) {
-      return double.parse(match.group(1)!);
+      return candidatesByDpr[lower]!;
     }
-    return _naturalResolution; // i.e. default to 1.0x
   }
 
   @override

packages/flutter/lib/src/services/asset_bundle.dart

@@ -266,6 +266,7 @@ abstract class CachingAssetBundle extends AssetBundle {
       .then<T>(parser)
       .then<void>((T value) {
         result = SynchronousFuture<T>(value);
+        _structuredBinaryDataCache[key] = result!;
         if (completer != null) {
           // The load and parse operation ran asynchronously. We already returned
           // from the loadStructuredBinaryData function and therefore the caller
@@ -278,7 +279,6 @@ abstract class CachingAssetBundle extends AssetBundle {
 
     if (result != null) {
       // The above code ran synchronously. We can synchronously return the result.
-      _structuredBinaryDataCache[key] = result!;
       return result!;
     }
 

packages/flutter/lib/src/services/asset_manifest.dart

@@ -30,14 +30,12 @@ abstract class AssetManifest {
   /// information.
   List<String> listAssets();
 
-  /// Retrieves metadata about an asset and its variants.
+  /// Retrieves metadata about an asset and its variants. Returns null if the
+  /// key was not found in the asset manifest.
   ///
   /// This method considers a main asset to be a variant of itself and
   /// includes it in the returned list.
-  ///
-  /// Throws an [ArgumentError] if [key] cannot be found within the manifest. To
-  /// avoid this, use a key obtained from the [listAssets] method.
-  List<AssetMetadata> getAssetVariants(String key);
+  List<AssetMetadata>? getAssetVariants(String key);
 }
 
 // Lazily parses the binary asset manifest into a data structure that's easier to work
@@ -64,14 +62,14 @@ class _AssetManifestBin implements AssetManifest {
   final Map<String, List<AssetMetadata>> _typeCastedData = <String, List<AssetMetadata>>{};
 
   @override
-  List<AssetMetadata> getAssetVariants(String key) {
+  List<AssetMetadata>? getAssetVariants(String key) {
     // We lazily delay typecasting to prevent a performance hiccup when parsing
     // large asset manifests. This is important to keep an app's first asset
     // load fast.
     if (!_typeCastedData.containsKey(key)) {
       final Object? variantData = _data[key];
       if (variantData == null) {
-        throw ArgumentError('Asset key $key was not found within the asset manifest.');
+        return null;
       }
       _typeCastedData[key] = ((_data[key] ?? <Object?>[]) as Iterable<Object?>)
         .cast<Map<Object?, Object?>>()

packages/flutter/test/painting/image_resolution_test.dart

@@ -2,7 +2,6 @@
 // Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style license that can be
 // found in the LICENSE file.
 
-import 'dart:convert';
 import 'dart:ui' as ui;
 
 import 'package:flutter/foundation.dart';
@@ -13,18 +12,14 @@ import 'package:flutter_test/flutter_test.dart';
 class TestAssetBundle extends CachingAssetBundle {
   TestAssetBundle(this._assetBundleMap);
 
-  final Map<String, List<String>> _assetBundleMap;
+  final Map<String, List<Map<Object?, Object?>>> _assetBundleMap;
 
   Map<String, int> loadCallCount = <String, int>{};
 
-  String get _assetBundleContents {
-    return json.encode(_assetBundleMap);
-  }
-
   @override
   Future<ByteData> load(String key) async {
-    if (key == 'AssetManifest.json') {
-      return ByteData.view(Uint8List.fromList(const Utf8Encoder().convert(_assetBundleContents)).buffer);
+    if (key == 'AssetManifest.bin') {
+      return const StandardMessageCodec().encodeMessage(_assetBundleMap)!;
     }
 
     loadCallCount[key] = loadCallCount[key] ?? 0 + 1;
@@ -45,9 +40,10 @@ class TestAssetBundle extends CachingAssetBundle {
 void main() {
   group('1.0 scale device tests', () {
     void buildAndTestWithOneAsset(String mainAssetPath) {
-      final Map<String, List<String>> assetBundleMap = <String, List<String>>{};
+      final Map<String, List<Map<Object?, Object?>>> assetBundleMap =
+        <String, List<Map<Object?, Object?>>>{};
 
-      assetBundleMap[mainAssetPath] = <String>[];
+      assetBundleMap[mainAssetPath] = <Map<Object?, Object?>>[];
 
       final AssetImage assetImage = AssetImage(
         mainAssetPath,
@@ -93,11 +89,13 @@ void main() {
       const String mainAssetPath = 'assets/normalFolder/normalFile.png';
       const String variantPath = 'assets/normalFolder/3.0x/normalFile.png';
 
-      final Map<String, List<String>> assetBundleMap =
-      <String, List<String>>{};
-
-      assetBundleMap[mainAssetPath] = <String>[mainAssetPath, variantPath];
+      final Map<String, List<Map<Object?, Object?>>> assetBundleMap =
+        <String, List<Map<Object?, Object?>>>{};
 
+      final Map<Object?, Object?> mainAssetVariantManifestEntry = <Object?, Object?>{};
+      mainAssetVariantManifestEntry['asset'] = variantPath;
+      mainAssetVariantManifestEntry['dpr'] = 3.0;
+      assetBundleMap[mainAssetPath] = <Map<Object?, Object?>>[mainAssetVariantManifestEntry];
       final TestAssetBundle testAssetBundle = TestAssetBundle(assetBundleMap);
 
       final AssetImage assetImage = AssetImage(
@@ -123,10 +121,10 @@ void main() {
     test('When high-res device and high-res asset not present in bundle then return main variant', () {
       const String mainAssetPath = 'assets/normalFolder/normalFile.png';
 
-      final Map<String, List<String>> assetBundleMap =
-      <String, List<String>>{};
+      final Map<String, List<Map<Object?, Object?>>> assetBundleMap =
+        <String, List<Map<Object?, Object?>>>{};
 
-      assetBundleMap[mainAssetPath] = <String>[mainAssetPath];
+      assetBundleMap[mainAssetPath] = <Map<Object?, Object?>>[];
 
       final TestAssetBundle testAssetBundle = TestAssetBundle(assetBundleMap);
 
@@ -162,10 +160,13 @@ void main() {
       double chosenAssetRatio,
       String expectedAssetPath,
     ) {
-      final Map<String, List<String>> assetBundleMap =
-      <String, List<String>>{};
+      final Map<String, List<Map<Object?, Object?>>> assetBundleMap =
+        <String, List<Map<Object?, Object?>>>{};
 
-      assetBundleMap[mainAssetPath] = <String>[mainAssetPath, variantPath];
+      final Map<Object?, Object?> mainAssetVariantManifestEntry = <Object?, Object?>{};
+      mainAssetVariantManifestEntry['asset'] = variantPath;
+      mainAssetVariantManifestEntry['dpr'] = 3.0;
+      assetBundleMap[mainAssetPath] = <Map<Object?, Object?>>[mainAssetVariantManifestEntry];
 
       final TestAssetBundle testAssetBundle = TestAssetBundle(assetBundleMap);
 

packages/flutter/test/services/asset_bundle_test.dart

@@ -35,7 +35,6 @@ class TestAssetBundle extends CachingAssetBundle {
 
     throw FlutterError('key not found');
   }
-
 }
 
 void main() {
@@ -63,6 +62,81 @@ void main() {
     expect(loadException, isFlutterError);
   });
 
+  group('CachingAssetBundle caching behavior', () {
+    test('caches results for loadString, loadStructuredData, and loadBinaryStructuredData', () async {
+      final TestAssetBundle bundle = TestAssetBundle();
+
+      final String firstLoadStringResult = await bundle.loadString('counter');
+      final String secondLoadStringResult = await bundle.loadString('counter');
+      expect(firstLoadStringResult, '1');
+      expect(secondLoadStringResult, '1');
+
+      final String firstLoadStructuredDataResult = await bundle.loadStructuredData('AssetManifest.json', (String value) => Future<String>.value('one'));
+      final String secondLoadStructuredDataResult = await bundle.loadStructuredData('AssetManifest.json', (String value) => Future<String>.value('two'));
+      expect(firstLoadStructuredDataResult, 'one');
+      expect(secondLoadStructuredDataResult, 'one');
+
+      final String firstLoadStructuredBinaryDataResult = await bundle.loadStructuredBinaryData('AssetManifest.bin', (ByteData value) => Future<String>.value('one'));
+      final String secondLoadStructuredBinaryDataResult = await bundle.loadStructuredBinaryData('AssetManifest.bin', (ByteData value) => Future<String>.value('two'));
+      expect(firstLoadStructuredBinaryDataResult, 'one');
+      expect(secondLoadStructuredBinaryDataResult, 'one');
+    });
+
+    test("clear clears all cached values'", () async {
+      final TestAssetBundle bundle = TestAssetBundle();
+
+      await bundle.loadString('counter');
+      bundle.clear();
+      final String secondLoadStringResult = await bundle.loadString('counter');
+      expect(secondLoadStringResult, '2');
+
+      await bundle.loadStructuredData('AssetManifest.json', (String value) => Future<String>.value('one'));
+      bundle.clear();
+      final String secondLoadStructuredDataResult = await bundle.loadStructuredData('AssetManifest.json', (String value) => Future<String>.value('two'));
+      expect(secondLoadStructuredDataResult, 'two');
+
+      await bundle.loadStructuredBinaryData('AssetManifest.bin', (ByteData value) => Future<String>.value('one'));
+      bundle.clear();
+      final String secondLoadStructuredBinaryDataResult = await bundle.loadStructuredBinaryData('AssetManifest.bin', (ByteData value) => Future<String>.value('two'));
+      expect(secondLoadStructuredBinaryDataResult, 'two');
+    });
+
+    test('evict evicts a particular key from the cache', () async {
+      final TestAssetBundle bundle = TestAssetBundle();
+
+      await bundle.loadString('counter');
+      bundle.evict('counter');
+      final String secondLoadStringResult = await bundle.loadString('counter');
+      expect(secondLoadStringResult, '2');
+
+      await bundle.loadStructuredData('AssetManifest.json', (String value) => Future<String>.value('one'));
+      bundle.evict('AssetManifest.json');
+      final String secondLoadStructuredDataResult = await bundle.loadStructuredData('AssetManifest.json', (String value) => Future<String>.value('two'));
+      expect(secondLoadStructuredDataResult, 'two');
+
+      await bundle.loadStructuredBinaryData('AssetManifest.bin', (ByteData value) => Future<String>.value('one'));
+      bundle.evict('AssetManifest.bin');
+      final String secondLoadStructuredBinaryDataResult = await bundle.loadStructuredBinaryData('AssetManifest.bin', (ByteData value) => Future<String>.value('two'));
+      expect(secondLoadStructuredBinaryDataResult, 'two');
+    });
+
+    test('for a given key, subsequent loadStructuredData calls are synchronous after the first call resolves', () async {
+      final TestAssetBundle bundle = TestAssetBundle();
+      await bundle.loadStructuredData('one', (String data) => SynchronousFuture<int>(1));
+      final Future<int> data = bundle.loadStructuredData('one', (String data) => SynchronousFuture<int>(2));
+      expect(data, isA<SynchronousFuture<int>>());
+      expect(await data, 1);
+    });
+
+    test('for a given key, subsequent loadStructuredBinaryData calls are synchronous after the first call resolves', () async {
+      final TestAssetBundle bundle = TestAssetBundle();
+      await bundle.loadStructuredBinaryData('one', (ByteData data) => 1);
+      final Future<int> data = bundle.loadStructuredBinaryData('one', (ByteData data) => 2);
+      expect(data, isA<SynchronousFuture<int>>());
+      expect(await data, 1);
+    });
+  });
+
   test('AssetImage.obtainKey succeeds with ImageConfiguration.empty', () async {
     // This is a regression test for https://github.com/flutter/flutter/issues/12392
     final AssetImage assetImage = AssetImage('one', bundle: TestAssetBundle());
@@ -114,63 +188,6 @@ void main() {
     );
   }, skip: isBrowser); // https://github.com/flutter/flutter/issues/56314
 
-  test('CachingAssetBundle caches results for loadString, loadStructuredData, and loadBinaryStructuredData', () async {
-    final TestAssetBundle bundle = TestAssetBundle();
-
-    final String firstLoadStringResult = await bundle.loadString('counter');
-    final String secondLoadStringResult = await bundle.loadString('counter');
-    expect(firstLoadStringResult, '1');
-    expect(secondLoadStringResult, '1');
-
-    final String firstLoadStructuredDataResult = await bundle.loadStructuredData('AssetManifest.json', (String value) => Future<String>.value('one'));
-    final String secondLoadStructuredDataResult = await bundle.loadStructuredData('AssetManifest.json', (String value) => Future<String>.value('two'));
-    expect(firstLoadStructuredDataResult, 'one');
-    expect(secondLoadStructuredDataResult, 'one');
-
-    final String firstLoadStructuredBinaryDataResult = await bundle.loadStructuredBinaryData('AssetManifest.bin', (ByteData value) => Future<String>.value('one'));
-    final String secondLoadStructuredBinaryDataResult = await bundle.loadStructuredBinaryData('AssetManifest.bin', (ByteData value) => Future<String>.value('two'));
-    expect(firstLoadStructuredBinaryDataResult, 'one');
-    expect(secondLoadStructuredBinaryDataResult, 'one');
-  });
-
-  test("CachingAssetBundle.clear clears all cached values'", () async {
-    final TestAssetBundle bundle = TestAssetBundle();
-
-    await bundle.loadString('counter');
-    bundle.clear();
-    final String secondLoadStringResult = await bundle.loadString('counter');
-    expect(secondLoadStringResult, '2');
-
-    await bundle.loadStructuredData('AssetManifest.json', (String value) => Future<String>.value('one'));
-    bundle.clear();
-    final String secondLoadStructuredDataResult = await bundle.loadStructuredData('AssetManifest.json', (String value) => Future<String>.value('two'));
-    expect(secondLoadStructuredDataResult, 'two');
-
-    await bundle.loadStructuredBinaryData('AssetManifest.bin', (ByteData value) => Future<String>.value('one'));
-    bundle.clear();
-    final String secondLoadStructuredBinaryDataResult = await bundle.loadStructuredBinaryData('AssetManifest.bin', (ByteData value) => Future<String>.value('two'));
-    expect(secondLoadStructuredBinaryDataResult, 'two');
-  });
-
-  test('CachingAssetBundle.evict evicts a particular key from the cache', () async {
-    final TestAssetBundle bundle = TestAssetBundle();
-
-    await bundle.loadString('counter');
-    bundle.evict('counter');
-    final String secondLoadStringResult = await bundle.loadString('counter');
-    expect(secondLoadStringResult, '2');
-
-    await bundle.loadStructuredData('AssetManifest.json', (String value) => Future<String>.value('one'));
-    bundle.evict('AssetManifest.json');
-    final String secondLoadStructuredDataResult = await bundle.loadStructuredData('AssetManifest.json', (String value) => Future<String>.value('two'));
-    expect(secondLoadStructuredDataResult, 'two');
-
-    await bundle.loadStructuredBinaryData('AssetManifest.bin', (ByteData value) => Future<String>.value('one'));
-    bundle.evict('AssetManifest.bin');
-    final String secondLoadStructuredBinaryDataResult = await bundle.loadStructuredBinaryData('AssetManifest.bin', (ByteData value) => Future<String>.value('two'));
-    expect(secondLoadStructuredBinaryDataResult, 'two');
-  });
-
   test('loadStructuredBinaryData correctly loads ByteData', () async {
     final TestAssetBundle bundle = TestAssetBundle();
     final Map<Object?, Object?> assetManifest =

packages/flutter/test/services/asset_manifest_test.dart

@@ -41,7 +41,7 @@ void main() {
 
     expect(manifest.listAssets(), unorderedEquals(<String>['assets/foo.png', 'assets/bar.png']));
 
-    final List<AssetMetadata> fooVariants = manifest.getAssetVariants('assets/foo.png');
+    final List<AssetMetadata> fooVariants = manifest.getAssetVariants('assets/foo.png')!;
     expect(fooVariants.length, 2);
     final AssetMetadata firstFooVariant = fooVariants[0];
     expect(firstFooVariant.key, 'assets/foo.png');
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ void main() {
     expect(secondFooVariant.targetDevicePixelRatio, 2.0);
     expect(secondFooVariant.main, false);
 
-    final List<AssetMetadata> barVariants = manifest.getAssetVariants('assets/bar.png');
+    final List<AssetMetadata> barVariants = manifest.getAssetVariants('assets/bar.png')!;
     expect(barVariants.length, 1);
     final AssetMetadata firstBarVariant = barVariants[0];
     expect(firstBarVariant.key, 'assets/bar.png');
@@ -60,9 +60,8 @@ void main() {
     expect(firstBarVariant.main, true);
   });
 
-  test('getAssetVariants throws if given a key not contained in the asset manifest', () async {
+  test('getAssetVariants returns null if the key not contained in the asset manifest', () async {
     final AssetManifest manifest = await AssetManifest.loadFromAssetBundle(TestAssetBundle());
-
-    expect(() => manifest.getAssetVariants('invalid asset key'), throwsArgumentError);
+    expect(manifest.getAssetVariants('invalid asset key'), isNull);
   });
 }

packages/flutter/test/widgets/image_resolution_test.dart

@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@
 @TestOn('!chrome')
 library;
 
+import 'dart:convert';
 import 'dart:ui' as ui show Image;
 
 import 'package:flutter/foundation.dart';
@@ -18,27 +19,31 @@ import '../image_data.dart';
 ByteData testByteData(double scale) => ByteData(8)..setFloat64(0, scale);
 double scaleOf(ByteData data) => data.getFloat64(0);
 
-const String testManifest = '''
+final Map<Object?, Object?> testManifest = json.decode('''
 {
   "assets/image.png" : [
-    "assets/image.png",
-    "assets/1.5x/image.png",
-    "assets/2.0x/image.png",
-    "assets/3.0x/image.png",
-    "assets/4.0x/image.png"
+    {"asset": "assets/1.5x/image.png", "dpr": 1.5},
+    {"asset": "assets/2.0x/image.png", "dpr": 2.0},
+    {"asset": "assets/3.0x/image.png", "dpr": 3.0},
+    {"asset": "assets/4.0x/image.png", "dpr": 4.0}
   ]
 }
-''';
+''') as Map<Object?, Object?>;
 
 class TestAssetBundle extends CachingAssetBundle {
-  TestAssetBundle({ this.manifest = testManifest });
+  TestAssetBundle({ required Map<Object?, Object?> manifest }) {
+    this.manifest = const StandardMessageCodec().encodeMessage(manifest)!;
+  }
 
-  final String manifest;
+  late final ByteData manifest;
 
   @override
   Future<ByteData> load(String key) {
     late ByteData data;
     switch (key) {
+      case 'AssetManifest.bin':
+        data = manifest;
+        break;
       case 'assets/image.png':
         data = testByteData(1.0);
         break;
@@ -61,14 +66,6 @@ class TestAssetBundle extends CachingAssetBundle {
     return SynchronousFuture<ByteData>(data);
   }
 
-  @override
-  Future<String> loadString(String key, { bool cache = true }) {
-    if (key == 'AssetManifest.json') {
-      return SynchronousFuture<String>(manifest);
-    }
-    return SynchronousFuture<String>('');
-  }
-
   @override
   String toString() => '${describeIdentity(this)}()';
 }
@@ -107,7 +104,7 @@ Widget buildImageAtRatio(String imageName, Key key, double ratio, bool inferSize
       devicePixelRatio: ratio,
     ),
     child: DefaultAssetBundle(
-      bundle: bundle ?? TestAssetBundle(),
+      bundle: bundle ?? TestAssetBundle(manifest: testManifest),
       child: Center(
         child: inferSize ?
           Image(
@@ -260,46 +257,21 @@ void main() {
     expect(getRenderImage(tester, key).scale, 4.0);
   });
 
-  testWidgets('Image for device pixel ratio 1.0, with no main asset', (WidgetTester tester) async {
-    const String manifest = '''
-    {
-      "assets/image.png" : [
-        "assets/1.5x/image.png",
-        "assets/2.0x/image.png",
-        "assets/3.0x/image.png",
-        "assets/4.0x/image.png"
-      ]
-    }
-    ''';
-    final AssetBundle bundle = TestAssetBundle(manifest: manifest);
-
-    const double ratio = 1.0;
-    Key key = GlobalKey();
-    await pumpTreeToLayout(tester, buildImageAtRatio(image, key, ratio, false, images, bundle));
-    expect(getRenderImage(tester, key).size, const Size(200.0, 200.0));
-    expect(getRenderImage(tester, key).scale, 1.5);
-    key = GlobalKey();
-    await pumpTreeToLayout(tester, buildImageAtRatio(image, key, ratio, true, images, bundle));
-    expect(getRenderImage(tester, key).size, const Size(48.0, 48.0));
-    expect(getRenderImage(tester, key).scale, 1.5);
-  });
-
   testWidgets('Image for device pixel ratio 1.0, with a main asset and a 1.0x asset', (WidgetTester tester) async {
     // If both a main asset and a 1.0x asset are specified, then prefer
     // the 1.0x asset.
 
-    const String manifest = '''
+    final Map<Object?, Object?> manifest = json.decode('''
     {
       "assets/image.png" : [
-        "assets/image.png",
-        "assets/1.0x/image.png",
-        "assets/1.5x/image.png",
-        "assets/2.0x/image.png",
-        "assets/3.0x/image.png",
-        "assets/4.0x/image.png"
+        {"asset": "assets/1.0x/image.png", "dpr": 1.0},
+        {"asset": "assets/1.5x/image.png", "dpr": 1.5},
+        {"asset": "assets/2.0x/image.png", "dpr": 2.0},
+        {"asset": "assets/3.0x/image.png", "dpr": 3.0},
+        {"asset": "assets/4.0x/image.png", "dpr": 4.0}
       ]
     }
-    ''';
+    ''') as Map<Object?, Object?>;
     final AssetBundle bundle = TestAssetBundle(manifest: manifest);
 
     const double ratio = 1.0;
@@ -338,14 +310,14 @@ void main() {
   // if higher resolution assets are not available we will pick the best
   // available.
   testWidgets('Low-resolution assets', (WidgetTester tester) async {
-    final AssetBundle bundle = TestAssetBundle(manifest: '''
+    final Map<Object?, Object?> manifest = json.decode('''
       {
         "assets/image.png" : [
-          "assets/image.png",
-          "assets/1.5x/image.png"
+          {"asset": "assets/1.5x/image.png", "dpr": 1.5}
         ]
       }
-    ''');
+    ''') as Map<Object?, Object?>;
+    final AssetBundle bundle = TestAssetBundle(manifest: manifest);
 
     Future<void> testRatio({required double ratio, required double expectedScale}) async {
       Key key = GlobalKey();