Reland of #134031. (Reverted in #135069.) Contains the fix for b/301051367 together with cl/567233346.

Support for FFI calls with `@Native external` functions through Native assets on Linux. This enables bundling native code without any build-system boilerplate code.

For more info see:

* https://github.com/flutter/flutter/issues/129757

### Implementation details for Linux.

Mainly follows the design of https://github.com/flutter/flutter/pull/130494.

Some differences are:

* Linux does not support cross compiling or compiling for multiple architectures, so this has not been implemented.
* Linux has no add2app.

The assets copying is done in the install-phase of the CMake build of a flutter app.
CMake requires the native assets folder to exist, so we create it also when the feature is disabled or there are no assets.

### Tests

This PR adds new tests to cover the various use cases.

* packages/flutter_tools/test/general.shard/linux/native_assets_test.dart
  * Unit tests the Linux-specific part of building native assets.

It also extends various existing tests:

* packages/flutter_tools/test/integration.shard/native_assets_test.dart
  * Runs (incl hot reload/hot restart), builds, builds frameworks for Linux and flutter-tester.