material.dart

// Copyright 2015 The Chromium Authors. All rights reserved.
// Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style license that can be
// found in the LICENSE file.

import 'package:flutter/foundation.dart';
import 'package:flutter/rendering.dart';
import 'package:flutter/widgets.dart';

import 'constants.dart';
import 'theme.dart';

/// Signature for the callback used by ink effects to obtain the rectangle for the effect.
///
/// Used by [InkHighlight] and [InkSplash], for example.
typedef Rect RectCallback();

/// The various kinds of material in material design. Used to
/// configure the default behavior of [Material] widgets.
///
/// See also:
///
///  * [Material], in particular [Material.type]
///  * [kMaterialEdges]
enum MaterialType {
  /// Rectangle using default theme canvas color.
  canvas,

  /// Rounded edges, card theme color.
  card,

  /// A circle, no color by default (used for floating action buttons).
  circle,

  /// Rounded edges, no color by default (used for [MaterialButton] buttons).
  button,

  /// A transparent piece of material that draws ink splashes and highlights.
  ///
  /// While the material metaphor describes child widgets as printed on the
  /// material itself and do not hide ink effects, in practice the [Material]
  /// widget draws child widgets on top of the ink effects.
  /// A [Material] with type transparency can be placed on top of opaque widgets
  /// to show ink effects on top of them.
  ///
  /// Prefer using the [Ink] widget for showing ink effects on top of opaque
  /// widgets.
  transparency
}

/// The border radii used by the various kinds of material in material design.
///
/// See also:
///
///  * [MaterialType]
///  * [Material]
final Map<MaterialType, BorderRadius> kMaterialEdges = <MaterialType, BorderRadius> {
  MaterialType.canvas: null,
  MaterialType.card: new BorderRadius.circular(2.0),
  MaterialType.circle: null,
  MaterialType.button: new BorderRadius.circular(2.0),
  MaterialType.transparency: null,
};

/// An interface for creating [InkSplash]s and [InkHighlight]s on a material.
///
/// Typically obtained via [Material.of].
abstract class MaterialInkController {
  /// The color of the material.
  Color get color;

  /// The ticker provider used by the controller.
  ///
  /// Ink features that are added to this controller with [addInkFeature] should
  /// use this vsync to drive their animations.
  TickerProvider get vsync;

  /// Add an [InkFeature], such as an [InkSplash] or an [InkHighlight].
  ///
  /// The ink feature will paint as part of this controller.
  void addInkFeature(InkFeature feature);

  /// Notifies the controller that one of its ink features needs to repaint.
  void markNeedsPaint();
}

/// A piece of material.
///
/// The Material widget is responsible for:
///
/// 1. Clipping: Material clips its widget sub-tree to the shape specified by
///    [shape], [type], and [borderRadius].
/// 2. Elevation: Material elevates its widget sub-tree on the Z axis by
///    [elevation] pixels, and draws the appropriate shadow.
/// 3. Ink effects: Material shows ink effects implemented by [InkFeature]s
///    like [InkSplash] and [InkHighlight] below its children.
///
/// ## The Material Metaphor
///
/// Material is the central metaphor in material design. Each piece of material
/// exists at a given elevation, which influences how that piece of material
/// visually relates to other pieces of material and how that material casts
/// shadows.
///
/// Most user interface elements are either conceptually printed on a piece of
/// material or themselves made of material. Material reacts to user input using
/// [InkSplash] and [InkHighlight] effects. To trigger a reaction on the
/// material, use a [MaterialInkController] obtained via [Material.of].
///
/// In general, the features of a [Material] should not change over time (e.g. a
/// [Material] should not change its [color], [shadowColor] or [type]).
/// Changes to [elevation] and [shadowColor] are animated for [animationDuration].
/// Changes to [shape] are animated if [type] is not [MaterialType.transparency]
/// and [ShapeBorder.lerp] between the previous and next [shape] values is
/// supported. Shape changes are also animated for [animationDuration].
///
///
/// ## Shape
///
/// The shape for material is determined by [shape], [type], and [borderRadius].
///
///  - If [shape] is non null, it determines the shape.
///  - If [shape] is null and [borderRadius] is non null, the shape is a
///    rounded rectangle, with corners specified by [borderRadius].
///  - If [shape] and [borderRadius] are null, [type] determines the
///    shape as follows:
///    - [MaterialType.canvas]: the default material shape is a rectangle.
///    - [MaterialType.card]: the default material shape is a rectangle with
///      rounded edges. The edge radii is specified by [kMaterialEdges].
///    - [MaterialType.circle]: the default material shape is a circle.
///    - [MaterialType.button]: the default material shape is a rectangle with
///      rounded edges. The edge radii is specified by [kMaterialEdges].
///    - [MaterialType.transparency]: the default material shape is a rectangle.
///
/// ## Border
///
/// If [shape] is not null, then its border will also be painted (if any).
///
/// ## Layout change notifications
///
/// If the layout changes (e.g. because there's a list on the material, and it's
/// been scrolled), a [LayoutChangedNotification] must be dispatched at the
/// relevant subtree. This in particular means that transitions (e.g.
/// [SlideTransition]) should not be placed inside [Material] widgets so as to
/// move subtrees that contain [InkResponse]s, [InkWell]s, [Ink]s, or other
/// widgets that use the [InkFeature] mechanism. Otherwise, in-progress ink
/// features (e.g., ink splashes and ink highlights) won't move to account for
/// the new layout.
///
/// See also:
///
/// * [MergeableMaterial], a piece of material that can split and remerge.
/// * [Card], a wrapper for a [Material] of [type] [MaterialType.card].
/// * <https://material.google.com/>
class Material extends StatefulWidget {
  /// Creates a piece of material.
  ///
  /// The [type], [elevation], [shadowColor], and [animationDuration] arguments
  /// must not be null.
  ///
  /// If a [shape] is specified, then the [borderRadius] property must be
  /// null and the [type] property must not be [MaterialType.circle]. If the
  /// [borderRadius] is specified, then the [type] property must not be
  /// [MaterialType.circle]. In both cases, these restrictions are intended to
  /// catch likely errors.
  const Material({
    Key key,
    this.type: MaterialType.canvas,
    this.elevation: 0.0,
    this.color,
    this.shadowColor: const Color(0xFF000000),
    this.textStyle,
    this.borderRadius,
    this.shape,
    this.animationDuration: kThemeChangeDuration,
    this.child,
  }) : assert(type != null),
       assert(elevation != null),
       assert(shadowColor != null),
       assert(!(shape != null && borderRadius != null)),
       assert(animationDuration != null),
       assert(!(identical(type, MaterialType.circle) && (borderRadius != null || shape != null))),
       super(key: key);

  /// The widget below this widget in the tree.
  ///
  /// {@macro flutter.widgets.child}
  final Widget child;

  /// The kind of material to show (e.g., card or canvas). This
  /// affects the shape of the widget, the roundness of its corners if
  /// the shape is rectangular, and the default color.
  final MaterialType type;

  /// The z-coordinate at which to place this material. This controls the size
  /// of the shadow below the material.
  ///
  /// If this is non-zero, the contents of the material are clipped, because the
  /// widget conceptually defines an independent printed piece of material.
  ///
  /// Defaults to 0. Changing this value will cause the shadow to animate over
  /// [animationDuration].
  final double elevation;

  /// The color to paint the material.
  ///
  /// Must be opaque. To create a transparent piece of material, use
  /// [MaterialType.transparency].
  ///
  /// By default, the color is derived from the [type] of material.
  final Color color;

  /// The color to paint the shadow below the material.
  ///
  /// Defaults to fully opaque black.
  final Color shadowColor;

  /// The typographical style to use for text within this material.
  final TextStyle textStyle;

  /// Defines the material's shape as well its shadow.
  ///
  /// If shape is non null, the [borderRadius] is ignored and the material's
  /// clip boundary and shadow are defined by the shape.
  ///
  /// A shadow is only displayed if the [elevation] is greater than
  /// zero.
  final ShapeBorder shape;

  /// Defines the duration of animated changes for [shape], [elevation],
  /// and [shadowColor].
  ///
  /// The default value is [kThemeChangeDuration].
  final Duration animationDuration;

  /// If non-null, the corners of this box are rounded by this [BorderRadius].
  /// Otherwise, the corners specified for the current [type] of material are
  /// used.
  ///
  /// If [shape] is non null then the border radius is ignored.
  ///
  /// Must be null if [type] is [MaterialType.circle].
  final BorderRadius borderRadius;

  /// The ink controller from the closest instance of this class that
  /// encloses the given context.
  ///
  /// Typical usage is as follows:
  ///
  /// ```dart
  /// MaterialInkController inkController = Material.of(context);
  /// ```
  static MaterialInkController of(BuildContext context) {
    final _RenderInkFeatures result = context.ancestorRenderObjectOfType(const TypeMatcher<_RenderInkFeatures>());
    return result;
  }

  @override
  _MaterialState createState() => new _MaterialState();

  @override
  void debugFillProperties(DiagnosticPropertiesBuilder properties) {
    super.debugFillProperties(properties);
    properties.add(new EnumProperty<MaterialType>('type', type));
    properties.add(new DoubleProperty('elevation', elevation, defaultValue: 0.0));
    properties.add(new DiagnosticsProperty<Color>('color', color, defaultValue: null));
    properties.add(new DiagnosticsProperty<Color>('shadowColor', shadowColor, defaultValue: const Color(0xFF000000)));
    textStyle?.debugFillProperties(properties, prefix: 'textStyle.');
    properties.add(new DiagnosticsProperty<ShapeBorder>('shape', shape, defaultValue: null));
    properties.add(new EnumProperty<BorderRadius>('borderRadius', borderRadius, defaultValue: null));
  }

  /// The default radius of an ink splash in logical pixels.
  static const double defaultSplashRadius = 35.0;
}

class _MaterialState extends State<Material> with TickerProviderStateMixin {
  final GlobalKey _inkFeatureRenderer = new GlobalKey(debugLabel: 'ink renderer');

  Color _getBackgroundColor(BuildContext context) {
    if (widget.color != null)
      return widget.color;
    switch (widget.type) {
      case MaterialType.canvas:
        return Theme.of(context).canvasColor;
      case MaterialType.card:
        return Theme.of(context).cardColor;
      default:
        return null;
    }
  }

  @override
  Widget build(BuildContext context) {
    final Color backgroundColor = _getBackgroundColor(context);
    assert(backgroundColor != null || widget.type == MaterialType.transparency);
    Widget contents = widget.child;
    if (contents != null) {
      contents = new AnimatedDefaultTextStyle(
        style: widget.textStyle ?? Theme.of(context).textTheme.body1,
        duration: widget.animationDuration,
        child: contents
      );
    }
    contents = new NotificationListener<LayoutChangedNotification>(
      onNotification: (LayoutChangedNotification notification) {
        final _RenderInkFeatures renderer = _inkFeatureRenderer.currentContext.findRenderObject();
        renderer._didChangeLayout();
        return true;
      },
      child: new _InkFeatures(
        key: _inkFeatureRenderer,
        color: backgroundColor,
        child: contents,
        vsync: this,
      )
    );

    // PhysicalModel has a temporary workaround for a performance issue that
    // speeds up rectangular non transparent material (the workaround is to
    // skip the call to ui.Canvas.saveLayer if the border radius is 0).
    // Until the saveLayer performance issue is resolved, we're keeping this
    // special case here for canvas material type that is using the default
    // shape (rectangle). We could go down this fast path for explicitly
    // specified rectangles (e.g shape RoundedRectangleBorder with radius 0, but
    // we choose not to as we want the change from the fast-path to the
    // slow-path to be noticeable in the construction site of Material.
    if (widget.type == MaterialType.canvas && widget.shape == null && widget.borderRadius == null) {
      return new AnimatedPhysicalModel(
        curve: Curves.fastOutSlowIn,
        duration: widget.animationDuration,
        shape: BoxShape.rectangle,
        borderRadius: BorderRadius.zero,
        elevation: widget.elevation,
        color: backgroundColor,
        shadowColor: widget.shadowColor,
        animateColor: false,
        child: contents,
      );
    }

    final ShapeBorder shape = _getShape();

    if (widget.type == MaterialType.transparency)
      return _transparentInterior(shape: shape, contents: contents);

    return new _MaterialInterior(
      curve: Curves.fastOutSlowIn,
      duration: widget.animationDuration,
      shape: shape,
      elevation: widget.elevation,
      color: backgroundColor,
      shadowColor: widget.shadowColor,
      child: contents,
    );
  }

  static Widget _transparentInterior({ShapeBorder shape, Widget contents}) {
    return new ClipPath(
      child: new _ShapeBorderPaint(
        child: contents,
        shape: shape,
      ),
      clipper: new ShapeBorderClipper(
        shape: shape,
      ),
    );
  }

  // Determines the shape for this Material.
  //
  // If a shape was specified, it will determine the shape.
  // If a borderRadius was specified, the shape is a rounded
  // rectangle.
  // Otherwise, the shape is determined by the widget type as described in the
  // Material class documentation.
  ShapeBorder _getShape() {
    if (widget.shape != null)
      return widget.shape;
    if (widget.borderRadius != null)
      return new RoundedRectangleBorder(borderRadius: widget.borderRadius);
    switch (widget.type) {
      case MaterialType.canvas:
      case MaterialType.transparency:
        return const RoundedRectangleBorder();

      case MaterialType.card:
      case MaterialType.button:
        return new RoundedRectangleBorder(
          borderRadius: widget.borderRadius ?? kMaterialEdges[widget.type],
        );

      case MaterialType.circle:
        return const CircleBorder();
    }
    return const RoundedRectangleBorder();
  }
}

class _RenderInkFeatures extends RenderProxyBox implements MaterialInkController {
  _RenderInkFeatures({
    RenderBox child,
    @required this.vsync,
    this.color,
  }) : assert(vsync != null),
       super(child);

  // This class should exist in a 1:1 relationship with a MaterialState object,
  // since there's no current support for dynamically changing the ticker
  // provider.
  @override
  final TickerProvider vsync;

  // This is here to satisfy the MaterialInkController contract.
  // The actual painting of this color is done by a Container in the
  // MaterialState build method.
  @override
  Color color;

  List<InkFeature> _inkFeatures;

  @override
  void addInkFeature(InkFeature feature) {
    assert(!feature._debugDisposed);
    assert(feature._controller == this);
    _inkFeatures ??= <InkFeature>[];
    assert(!_inkFeatures.contains(feature));
    _inkFeatures.add(feature);
    markNeedsPaint();
  }

  void _removeFeature(InkFeature feature) {
    assert(_inkFeatures != null);
    _inkFeatures.remove(feature);
    markNeedsPaint();
  }

  void _didChangeLayout() {
    if (_inkFeatures != null && _inkFeatures.isNotEmpty)
      markNeedsPaint();
  }

  @override
  bool hitTestSelf(Offset position) => true;

  @override
  void paint(PaintingContext context, Offset offset) {
    if (_inkFeatures != null && _inkFeatures.isNotEmpty) {
      final Canvas canvas = context.canvas;
      canvas.save();
      canvas.translate(offset.dx, offset.dy);
      canvas.clipRect(Offset.zero & size);
      for (InkFeature inkFeature in _inkFeatures)
        inkFeature._paint(canvas);
      canvas.restore();
    }
    super.paint(context, offset);
  }
}

class _InkFeatures extends SingleChildRenderObjectWidget {
  const _InkFeatures({
    Key key,
    this.color,
    @required this.vsync,
    Widget child,
  }) : super(key: key, child: child);

  // This widget must be owned by a MaterialState, which must be provided as the vsync.
  // This relationship must be 1:1 and cannot change for the lifetime of the MaterialState.

  final Color color;

  final TickerProvider vsync;

  @override
  _RenderInkFeatures createRenderObject(BuildContext context) {
    return new _RenderInkFeatures(
      color: color,
      vsync: vsync,
    );
  }

  @override
  void updateRenderObject(BuildContext context, _RenderInkFeatures renderObject) {
    renderObject.color = color;
    assert(vsync == renderObject.vsync);
  }
}

/// A visual reaction on a piece of [Material].
///
/// To add an ink feature to a piece of [Material], obtain the
/// [MaterialInkController] via [Material.of] and call
/// [MaterialInkController.addInkFeature].
abstract class InkFeature {
  /// Initializes fields for subclasses.
  InkFeature({
    @required MaterialInkController controller,
    @required this.referenceBox,
    this.onRemoved,
  }) : assert(controller != null),
       assert(referenceBox != null),
       _controller = controller;

  /// The [MaterialInkController] associated with this [InkFeature].
  ///
  /// Typically used by subclasses to call
  /// [MaterialInkController.markNeedsPaint] when they need to repaint.
  MaterialInkController get controller => _controller;
  _RenderInkFeatures _controller;

  /// The render box whose visual position defines the frame of reference for this ink feature.
  final RenderBox referenceBox;

  /// Called when the ink feature is no longer visible on the material.
  final VoidCallback onRemoved;

  bool _debugDisposed = false;

  /// Free up the resources associated with this ink feature.
  @mustCallSuper
  void dispose() {
    assert(!_debugDisposed);
    assert(() { _debugDisposed = true; return true; }());
    _controller._removeFeature(this);
    if (onRemoved != null)
      onRemoved();
  }

  void _paint(Canvas canvas) {
    assert(referenceBox.attached);
    assert(!_debugDisposed);
    // find the chain of renderers from us to the feature's referenceBox
    final List<RenderObject> descendants = <RenderObject>[referenceBox];
    RenderObject node = referenceBox;
    while (node != _controller) {
      node = node.parent;
      assert(node != null);
      descendants.add(node);
    }
    // determine the transform that gets our coordinate system to be like theirs
    final Matrix4 transform = new Matrix4.identity();
    assert(descendants.length >= 2);
    for (int index = descendants.length - 1; index > 0; index -= 1)
      descendants[index].applyPaintTransform(descendants[index - 1], transform);
    paintFeature(canvas, transform);
  }

  /// Override this method to paint the ink feature.
  ///
  /// The transform argument gives the coordinate conversion from the coordinate
  /// system of the canvas to the coordinate system of the [referenceBox].
  @protected
  void paintFeature(Canvas canvas, Matrix4 transform);

  @override
  String toString() => describeIdentity(this);
}

/// An interpolation between two [ShapeBorder]s.
///
/// This class specializes the interpolation of [Tween] to use [ShapeBorder.lerp].
class ShapeBorderTween extends Tween<ShapeBorder> {
  /// Creates a [ShapeBorder] tween.
  ///
  /// the [begin] and [end] properties may be null; see [ShapeBorder.lerp] for
  /// the null handling semantics.
  ShapeBorderTween({ShapeBorder begin, ShapeBorder end}): super(begin: begin, end: end);

  /// Returns the value this tween has at the given animation clock value.
  @override
  ShapeBorder lerp(double t) {
    return ShapeBorder.lerp(begin, end, t);
  }
}

/// The interior of non-transparent material.
///
/// Animates [elevation], [shadowColor], and [shape].
class _MaterialInterior extends ImplicitlyAnimatedWidget {
  const _MaterialInterior({
    Key key,
    @required this.child,
    @required this.shape,
    @required this.elevation,
    @required this.color,
    @required this.shadowColor,
    Curve curve: Curves.linear,
    @required Duration duration,
  }) : assert(child != null),
       assert(shape != null),
       assert(elevation != null),
       assert(color != null),
       assert(shadowColor != null),
       super(key: key, curve: curve, duration: duration);

  /// The widget below this widget in the tree.
  ///
  /// {@macro flutter.widgets.child}
  final Widget child;

  /// The border of the widget.
  ///
  /// This border will be painted, and in addition the outer path of the border
  /// determines the physical shape.
  final ShapeBorder shape;

  /// The target z-coordinate at which to place this physical object.
  final double elevation;

  /// The target background color.
  final Color color;

  /// The target shadow color.
  final Color shadowColor;

  @override
  _MaterialInteriorState createState() => new _MaterialInteriorState();

  @override
  void debugFillProperties(DiagnosticPropertiesBuilder description) {
    super.debugFillProperties(description);
    description.add(new DiagnosticsProperty<ShapeBorder>('shape', shape));
    description.add(new DoubleProperty('elevation', elevation));
    description.add(new DiagnosticsProperty<Color>('color', color));
    description.add(new DiagnosticsProperty<Color>('shadowColor', shadowColor));
  }
}

class _MaterialInteriorState extends AnimatedWidgetBaseState<_MaterialInterior> {
  Tween<double> _elevation;
  ColorTween _shadowColor;
  ShapeBorderTween _border;

  @override
  void forEachTween(TweenVisitor<dynamic> visitor) {
    _elevation = visitor(_elevation, widget.elevation, (dynamic value) => new Tween<double>(begin: value));
    _shadowColor = visitor(_shadowColor, widget.shadowColor, (dynamic value) => new ColorTween(begin: value));
    _border = visitor(_border, widget.shape, (dynamic value) => new ShapeBorderTween(begin: value));
  }

  @override
  Widget build(BuildContext context) {
    final ShapeBorder shape = _border.evaluate(animation);
    return new PhysicalShape(
      child: new _ShapeBorderPaint(
        child: widget.child,
        shape: shape,
      ),
      clipper: new ShapeBorderClipper(
        shape: shape,
        textDirection: Directionality.of(context)
      ),
      elevation: _elevation.evaluate(animation),
      color: widget.color,
      shadowColor: _shadowColor.evaluate(animation),
    );
  }
}

class _ShapeBorderPaint extends StatelessWidget {
  const _ShapeBorderPaint({
    @required this.child,
    @required this.shape,
  });

  final Widget child;
  final ShapeBorder shape;

  @override
  Widget build(BuildContext context) {
    return new CustomPaint(
      child: child,
      foregroundPainter: new _ShapeBorderPainter(shape, Directionality.of(context)),
    );
  }
}

class _ShapeBorderPainter extends CustomPainter {
  _ShapeBorderPainter(this.border, this.textDirection);
  final ShapeBorder border;
  final TextDirection textDirection;

  @override
  void paint(Canvas canvas, Size size) {
    border.paint(canvas, Offset.zero & size, textDirection: textDirection);
  }

  @override
  bool shouldRepaint(_ShapeBorderPainter oldDelegate) {
    return oldDelegate.border != border;
  }
}