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reduce_treee.c

+#include <mpi.h>
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include <time.h>
+
+// Perform tree-based reduction on local_data using addition as the operation
+int reduce_tree(int local_data, int rank, int size, MPI_Comm comm) {
+    int step = 1;
+
+    printf("[+] Process %d starting with local data: %d\n", rank, local_data);
+
+    while (step < size) {
+        int partner = rank ^ step;  // XOR operation to find partner
+
+        if (partner < size) {
+            int recv_data = 0;
+
+            // Exchange data with the partner
+            MPI_Sendrecv(&local_data, 1, MPI_INT, partner, 0, 
+                         &recv_data, 1, MPI_INT, partner, 0, 
+                         comm, MPI_STATUS_IGNORE);
+
+            printf("[+] Process %d received data from process %d: %d\n", rank, partner, recv_data);
+
+            // Combine received data with the local data
+            local_data += recv_data;
+
+            printf("[+] Process %d updated local data: %d\n", rank, local_data);
+        }
+
+        // Move to the next step
+        step *= 2;
+    }
+
+    // Process 0 returns the final result
+    if (rank == 0) {
+        return local_data;
+    } else {
+        return 0;
+    }
+}
+
+int main(int argc, char** argv) {
+    MPI_Init(&argc, &argv);
+
+    int rank, size;
+    MPI_Comm comm = MPI_COMM_WORLD;
+    MPI_Comm_rank(comm, &rank);
+    MPI_Comm_size(comm, &size);
+
+    // Initialize local data for each process
+    int local_data = rank + 1;
+
+    // Start timer
+    double start_time = MPI_Wtime();
+
+    // Perform the tree-based reduce operation
+    int result = reduce_tree(local_data, rank, size, comm);
+
+    // End timer
+    double end_time = MPI_Wtime();
+
+    // Elapsed time
+    double elapsed_time = end_time - start_time;
+
+    if (rank == 0) {
+        printf("[+] Final result after reduction: %d\n", result);
+        printf("[+] Time taken for the reduction: %.6f seconds\n", elapsed_time);
+    }
+
+    MPI_Finalize();
+    return 0;
+}