Add posix permission chown suggestion to io error handling (#81942)

packages/flutter_tools/lib/src/base/error_handling_io.dart

@@ -212,6 +212,7 @@ class ErrorHandlingFile
       )),
       platform: _platform,
       failureMessage: 'Flutter failed to write to a file at "${delegate.path}"',
+      posixPermissionSuggestion: _posixPermissionSuggestion(<String>[delegate.path]),
     );
   }
 
@@ -221,6 +222,7 @@ class ErrorHandlingFile
       () => delegate.readAsStringSync(),
       platform: _platform,
       failureMessage: 'Flutter failed to read a file at "${delegate.path}"',
+      posixPermissionSuggestion: _posixPermissionSuggestion(<String>[delegate.path]),
     );
   }
 
@@ -234,6 +236,7 @@ class ErrorHandlingFile
       () => delegate.writeAsBytesSync(bytes, mode: mode, flush: flush),
       platform: _platform,
       failureMessage: 'Flutter failed to write to a file at "${delegate.path}"',
+      posixPermissionSuggestion: _posixPermissionSuggestion(<String>[delegate.path]),
     );
   }
 
@@ -253,6 +256,7 @@ class ErrorHandlingFile
       )),
       platform: _platform,
       failureMessage: 'Flutter failed to write to a file at "${delegate.path}"',
+      posixPermissionSuggestion: _posixPermissionSuggestion(<String>[delegate.path]),
     );
   }
 
@@ -272,6 +276,7 @@ class ErrorHandlingFile
       ),
       platform: _platform,
       failureMessage: 'Flutter failed to write to a file at "${delegate.path}"',
+      posixPermissionSuggestion: _posixPermissionSuggestion(<String>[delegate.path]),
     );
   }
 
@@ -283,6 +288,7 @@ class ErrorHandlingFile
       ),
       platform: _platform,
       failureMessage: 'Flutter failed to create file at "${delegate.path}"',
+      posixPermissionSuggestion: recursive ? null : _posixPermissionSuggestion(<String>[delegate.parent.path]),
     );
   }
 
@@ -294,6 +300,7 @@ class ErrorHandlingFile
       ),
       platform: _platform,
       failureMessage: 'Flutter failed to open a file at "${delegate.path}"',
+      posixPermissionSuggestion: _posixPermissionSuggestion(<String>[delegate.path]),
     );
   }
 
@@ -307,7 +314,8 @@ class ErrorHandlingFile
     _runSync<void>(
       () => delegate.openSync(mode: FileMode.read).closeSync(),
       platform: _platform,
-      failureMessage: 'Flutter failed to copy $path to $newPath due to source location error'
+      failureMessage: 'Flutter failed to copy $path to $newPath due to source location error',
+      posixPermissionSuggestion: _posixPermissionSuggestion(<String>[path]),
     );
     // Next check if the destination file can be written. If not, bail through
     // error handling.
@@ -347,11 +355,17 @@ class ErrorHandlingFile
         source?.closeSync();
         sink?.closeSync();
       }
-    }, platform: _platform, failureMessage: 'Flutter failed to copy $path to $newPath due to unknown error');
+    }, platform: _platform,
+      failureMessage: 'Flutter failed to copy $path to $newPath due to unknown error',
+      posixPermissionSuggestion: _posixPermissionSuggestion(<String>[path, resultFile.parent.path]),
+    );
     // The original copy failed, but the manual copy worked.
     return wrapFile(resultFile);
   }
 
+  String _posixPermissionSuggestion(List<String> paths) => 'Try running:\n'
+      '  sudo chown -R \$(whoami) ${paths.map(fileSystem.path.absolute).join(' ')}';
+
   @override
   String toString() => delegate.toString();
 }
@@ -420,6 +434,7 @@ class ErrorHandlingDirectory
       platform: _platform,
       failureMessage:
         'Flutter failed to create a directory at "${delegate.path}"',
+      posixPermissionSuggestion: recursive ? null : _posixPermissionSuggestion(delegate.parent.path),
     );
   }
 
@@ -450,6 +465,7 @@ class ErrorHandlingDirectory
       platform: _platform,
       failureMessage:
         'Flutter failed to create a directory at "${delegate.path}"',
+      posixPermissionSuggestion: recursive ? null : _posixPermissionSuggestion(delegate.parent.path),
     );
   }
 
@@ -460,6 +476,7 @@ class ErrorHandlingDirectory
       platform: _platform,
       failureMessage:
         'Flutter failed to delete a directory at "${delegate.path}"',
+      posixPermissionSuggestion: recursive ? null : _posixPermissionSuggestion(delegate.path),
     );
   }
 
@@ -470,6 +487,7 @@ class ErrorHandlingDirectory
       platform: _platform,
       failureMessage:
         'Flutter failed to delete a directory at "${delegate.path}"',
+      posixPermissionSuggestion: recursive ? null : _posixPermissionSuggestion(delegate.path),
     );
   }
 
@@ -480,9 +498,13 @@ class ErrorHandlingDirectory
       platform: _platform,
       failureMessage:
         'Flutter failed to check for directory existence at "${delegate.path}"',
+      posixPermissionSuggestion: _posixPermissionSuggestion(delegate.parent.path),
     );
   }
 
+  String _posixPermissionSuggestion(String path) => 'Try running:\n'
+      '  sudo chown -R \$(whoami) ${fileSystem.path.absolute(path)}';
+
   @override
   String toString() => delegate.toString();
 }
@@ -538,6 +560,7 @@ const String _kNoExecutableFound = 'The Flutter tool could not locate an executa
 Future<T> _run<T>(Future<T> Function() op, {
   required Platform platform,
   String? failureMessage,
+  String? posixPermissionSuggestion,
 }) async {
   assert(platform != null);
   try {
@@ -551,14 +574,14 @@ Future<T> _run<T>(Future<T> Function() op, {
     if (platform.isWindows) {
       _handleWindowsException(e, failureMessage, e.osError?.errorCode ?? 0);
     } else if (platform.isLinux || platform.isMacOS) {
-      _handlePosixException(e, failureMessage, e.osError?.errorCode ?? 0);
+      _handlePosixException(e, failureMessage, e.osError?.errorCode ?? 0, posixPermissionSuggestion);
     }
     rethrow;
   } on io.ProcessException catch (e) {
     if (platform.isWindows) {
       _handleWindowsException(e, failureMessage, e.errorCode);
     } else if (platform.isLinux || platform.isMacOS) {
-      _handlePosixException(e, failureMessage, e.errorCode);
+      _handlePosixException(e, failureMessage, e.errorCode, posixPermissionSuggestion);
     }
     rethrow;
   }
@@ -567,6 +590,7 @@ Future<T> _run<T>(Future<T> Function() op, {
 T _runSync<T>(T Function() op, {
   required Platform platform,
   String? failureMessage,
+  String? posixPermissionSuggestion,
 }) {
   assert(platform != null);
   try {
@@ -580,14 +604,14 @@ T _runSync<T>(T Function() op, {
     if (platform.isWindows) {
       _handleWindowsException(e, failureMessage, e.osError?.errorCode ?? 0);
     } else if (platform.isLinux || platform.isMacOS) {
-      _handlePosixException(e, failureMessage, e.osError?.errorCode ?? 0);
+      _handlePosixException(e, failureMessage, e.osError?.errorCode ?? 0, posixPermissionSuggestion);
     }
     rethrow;
   } on io.ProcessException catch (e) {
     if (platform.isWindows) {
       _handleWindowsException(e, failureMessage, e.errorCode);
     } else if (platform.isLinux || platform.isMacOS) {
-      _handlePosixException(e, failureMessage, e.errorCode);
+      _handlePosixException(e, failureMessage, e.errorCode, posixPermissionSuggestion);
     }
     rethrow;
   }
@@ -617,6 +641,9 @@ class ErrorHandlingProcessManager extends ProcessManager {
     return _runSync(
       () => _delegate.canRun(executable, workingDirectory: workingDirectory),
       platform: _platform,
+      failureMessage: 'Flutter failed to run "$executable"',
+      posixPermissionSuggestion: 'Try running:\n'
+          '  sudo chown -R \$(whoami) $executable && chmod u+rx $executable',
     );
   }
 
@@ -695,7 +722,7 @@ class ErrorHandlingProcessManager extends ProcessManager {
   }
 }
 
-void _handlePosixException(Exception e, String? message, int errorCode) {
+void _handlePosixException(Exception e, String? message, int errorCode, String? posixPermissionSuggestion) {
   // From:
   // https://github.com/torvalds/linux/blob/master/include/uapi/asm-generic/errno.h
   // https://github.com/torvalds/linux/blob/master/include/uapi/asm-generic/errno-base.h
@@ -714,10 +741,18 @@ void _handlePosixException(Exception e, String? message, int errorCode) {
       break;
     case eperm:
     case eacces:
-      errorMessage =
-        '$message. The flutter tool cannot access the file or directory.\n'
-        'Please ensure that the SDK and/or project is installed in a location '
-        'that has read/write permissions for the current user.';
+      final StringBuffer errorBuffer = StringBuffer();
+      if (message != null && message.isNotEmpty) {
+        errorBuffer.writeln('$message.');
+      } else {
+        errorBuffer.writeln('The flutter tool cannot access the file or directory.');
+      }
+      errorBuffer.writeln('Please ensure that the SDK and/or project is installed in a location '
+          'that has read/write permissions for the current user.');
+      if (posixPermissionSuggestion != null && posixPermissionSuggestion.isNotEmpty) {
+        errorBuffer.writeln(posixPermissionSuggestion);
+      }
+      errorMessage = errorBuffer.toString();
       break;
     default:
       // Caller must rethrow the exception.

packages/flutter_tools/test/general.shard/base/error_handling_io_test.dart

@@ -15,7 +15,6 @@ import 'package:flutter_tools/src/base/file_system.dart';
 import 'package:flutter_tools/src/base/io.dart';
 import 'package:flutter_tools/src/base/platform.dart';
 import 'package:mockito/mockito.dart';
-import 'package:path/path.dart' as path; // flutter_ignore: package_path_import
 import 'package:process/process.dart';
 
 import '../../src/common.dart';
@@ -23,7 +22,6 @@ import '../../src/fake_process_manager.dart';
 
 class MockFile extends Mock implements File {}
 class MockFileSystem extends Mock implements FileSystem {}
-class MockPathContext extends Mock implements path.Context {}
 class MockDirectory extends Mock implements Directory {}
 class MockRandomAccessFile extends Mock implements RandomAccessFile {}
 
@@ -48,7 +46,11 @@ void setupWriteMocks({
   int errorCode,
 }) {
   final MockFile mockFile = MockFile();
+  final MockDirectory mockParentDirectory = MockDirectory();
   when(mockFileSystem.file(any)).thenReturn(mockFile);
+  when(mockFile.path).thenReturn('parent/file');
+  when(mockFile.parent).thenReturn(mockParentDirectory);
+  when(mockParentDirectory.path).thenReturn('parent');
   when(mockFile.writeAsBytes(
     any,
     mode: anyNamed('mode'),
@@ -88,7 +90,11 @@ void setupReadMocks({
   int errorCode,
 }) {
   final MockFile mockFile = MockFile();
+  final MockDirectory mockParentDirectory = MockDirectory();
   when(mockFileSystem.file(any)).thenReturn(mockFile);
+  when(mockFile.path).thenReturn('parent/file');
+  when(mockFile.parent).thenReturn(mockParentDirectory);
+  when(mockParentDirectory.path).thenReturn('parent');
   when(mockFileSystem.currentDirectory).thenThrow(FileSystemException('', '', OSError('', errorCode)));
   when(mockFile.readAsStringSync(
     encoding: anyNamed('encoding'),
@@ -101,7 +107,12 @@ void setupDirectoryMocks({
   int errorCode,
 }) {
   final MockDirectory mockDirectory = MockDirectory();
+  final MockDirectory mockParentDirectory = MockDirectory();
+  when(mockDirectory.parent).thenReturn(mockParentDirectory);
   when(mockFileSystem.directory(any)).thenReturn(mockDirectory);
+  when(mockDirectory.path).thenReturn('parent/directory');
+  when(mockDirectory.parent).thenReturn(mockParentDirectory);
+  when(mockParentDirectory.path).thenReturn('parent');
   when(mockDirectory.createTemp(any)).thenAnswer((_) async {
     throw FileSystemException('', '', OSError('', errorCode));
   });
@@ -188,7 +199,8 @@ void main() {
         delegate: mockFileSystem,
         platform: windowsPlatform,
       );
-      when(mockFileSystem.path).thenReturn(MockPathContext());
+      // For fs.path.absolute usage.
+      when(mockFileSystem.path).thenReturn(MemoryFileSystem.test().path);
     });
 
     testWithoutContext('bypasses error handling when withAllowedFailure is used', () {
@@ -372,6 +384,7 @@ void main() {
 
     MockFileSystem mockFileSystem;
     ErrorHandlingFileSystem fs;
+    FileExceptionHandler exceptionHandler;
 
     setUp(() {
       mockFileSystem = MockFileSystem();
@@ -379,51 +392,113 @@ void main() {
         delegate: mockFileSystem,
         platform: linuxPlatform,
       );
-      when(mockFileSystem.path).thenReturn(MockPathContext());
+      // For fs.path.absolute usage.
+      when(mockFileSystem.path).thenReturn(MemoryFileSystem.test().path);
+      exceptionHandler = FileExceptionHandler();
     });
 
     testWithoutContext('when access is denied', () async {
-      setupWriteMocks(
-        mockFileSystem: mockFileSystem,
-        fs: fs,
-        errorCode: eacces,
+      final ErrorHandlingFileSystem fileSystem = ErrorHandlingFileSystem(
+        delegate: MemoryFileSystem.test(opHandle: exceptionHandler.opHandle),
+        platform: linuxPlatform,
       );
+      final Directory directory = fileSystem.directory('dir')..createSync();
+      final File file = directory.childFile('file');
 
-      final File file = fs.file('file');
-
-      const String expectedMessage = 'The flutter tool cannot access the file or directory';
-      expect(() async => file.writeAsBytes(<int>[0]),
-             throwsToolExit(message: expectedMessage));
-      expect(() async => file.writeAsString(''),
-             throwsToolExit(message: expectedMessage));
-      expect(() => file.writeAsBytesSync(<int>[0]),
-             throwsToolExit(message: expectedMessage));
-      expect(() => file.writeAsStringSync(''),
-             throwsToolExit(message: expectedMessage));
-      expect(() => file.openSync(),
-             throwsToolExit(message: expectedMessage));
-      expect(() => file.createSync(),
-             throwsToolExit(message: expectedMessage));
+      exceptionHandler.addError(
+        file,
+        FileSystemOp.create,
+        FileSystemException('', file.path, const OSError('', eacces)),
+      );
+      exceptionHandler.addError(
+        file,
+        FileSystemOp.write,
+        FileSystemException('', file.path, const OSError('', eacces)),
+      );
+      exceptionHandler.addError(
+        file,
+        FileSystemOp.read,
+        FileSystemException('', file.path, const OSError('', eacces)),
+      );
+      exceptionHandler.addError(
+        file,
+        FileSystemOp.delete,
+        FileSystemException('', file.path, const OSError('', eacces)),
+      );
+      const String writeMessage =
+          'Flutter failed to write to a file at "dir/file".\n'
+          'Please ensure that the SDK and/or project is installed in a location that has read/write permissions for the current user.\n'
+          'Try running:\n'
+          r'  sudo chown -R $(whoami) /dir/file';
+      expect(() async => file.writeAsBytes(<int>[0]), throwsToolExit(message: writeMessage));
+      expect(() async => file.writeAsString(''), throwsToolExit(message: writeMessage));
+      expect(() => file.writeAsBytesSync(<int>[0]), throwsToolExit(message: writeMessage));
+      expect(() => file.writeAsStringSync(''), throwsToolExit(message: writeMessage));
+
+      const String createMessage =
+          'Flutter failed to create file at "dir/file".\n'
+          'Please ensure that the SDK and/or project is installed in a location that has read/write permissions for the current user.\n'
+          'Try running:\n'
+          r'  sudo chown -R $(whoami) /dir';
+      expect(() => file.createSync(), throwsToolExit(message: createMessage));
+      // Recursive does not contain the "sudo chown" suggestion.
+      expect(() async => file.createSync(recursive: true),
+          throwsA(isA<ToolExit>().having((ToolExit e) => e.message, 'message', isNot(contains('sudo chown')))));
+
+      const String readMessage =
+          'Flutter failed to read a file at "dir/file".\n'
+          'Please ensure that the SDK and/or project is installed in a location that has read/write permissions for the current user.\n'
+          'Try running:\n'
+          r'  sudo chown -R $(whoami) /dir/file';
+      expect(() => file.readAsStringSync(), throwsToolExit(message: readMessage));
     });
 
     testWithoutContext('when access is denied for directories', () async {
-      setupDirectoryMocks(
-        mockFileSystem: mockFileSystem,
-        fs: fs,
-        errorCode: eperm,
+      final ErrorHandlingFileSystem fileSystem = ErrorHandlingFileSystem(
+        delegate: MemoryFileSystem.test(opHandle: exceptionHandler.opHandle),
+        platform: linuxPlatform,
       );
+      final Directory parent = fileSystem.directory('parent')..createSync();
+      final Directory directory = parent.childDirectory('childDir');
 
-      final Directory directory = fs.directory('file');
+      exceptionHandler.addError(
+        directory,
+        FileSystemOp.create,
+        FileSystemException('', directory.path, const OSError('', eperm)),
+      );
+      exceptionHandler.addError(
+        directory,
+        FileSystemOp.delete,
+        FileSystemException('', directory.path, const OSError('', eperm)),
+      );
 
-      const String expectedMessage = 'The flutter tool cannot access the file or directory';
+      const String createMessage =
+          'Flutter failed to create a directory at "parent/childDir".\n'
+          'Please ensure that the SDK and/or project is installed in a location that has read/write permissions for the current user.\n'
+          'Try running:\n'
+          r'  sudo chown -R $(whoami) /parent';
       expect(() async => directory.create(),
-             throwsToolExit(message: expectedMessage));
-      expect(() async => directory.delete(),
-             throwsToolExit(message: expectedMessage));
+             throwsToolExit(message: createMessage));
       expect(() => directory.createSync(),
-             throwsToolExit(message: expectedMessage));
+             throwsToolExit(message: createMessage));
+
+      // Recursive does not contain the "sudo chown" suggestion.
+      expect(() async => directory.createSync(recursive: true),
+          throwsA(isA<ToolExit>().having((ToolExit e) => e.message, 'message', isNot(contains('sudo chown')))));
+
+      const String deleteMessage =
+          'Flutter failed to delete a directory at "parent/childDir".\n'
+          'Please ensure that the SDK and/or project is installed in a location that has read/write permissions for the current user.\n'
+          'Try running:\n'
+          r'  sudo chown -R $(whoami) /parent';
       expect(() => directory.deleteSync(),
-             throwsToolExit(message: expectedMessage));
+             throwsToolExit(message: deleteMessage));
+      expect(() async => directory.delete(),
+          throwsToolExit(message: deleteMessage));
+
+      // Recursive does not contain the "sudo chown" suggestion.
+      expect(() async => directory.deleteSync(recursive: true),
+          throwsA(isA<ToolExit>().having((ToolExit e) => e.message, 'message', isNot(contains('sudo chown')))));
     });
 
     testWithoutContext('when writing to a full device', () async {
@@ -496,6 +571,7 @@ void main() {
     const int eacces = 13;
     MockFileSystem mockFileSystem;
     ErrorHandlingFileSystem fs;
+    FileExceptionHandler exceptionHandler;
 
     setUp(() {
       mockFileSystem = MockFileSystem();
@@ -503,49 +579,113 @@ void main() {
         delegate: mockFileSystem,
         platform: macOSPlatform,
       );
-      when(mockFileSystem.path).thenReturn(MockPathContext());
+      // For fs.path.absolute usage.
+      when(mockFileSystem.path).thenReturn(MemoryFileSystem.test().path);
+      exceptionHandler = FileExceptionHandler();
     });
 
     testWithoutContext('when access is denied', () async {
-      setupWriteMocks(
-        mockFileSystem: mockFileSystem,
-        fs: fs,
-        errorCode: eacces,
+      final ErrorHandlingFileSystem fileSystem = ErrorHandlingFileSystem(
+        delegate: MemoryFileSystem.test(opHandle: exceptionHandler.opHandle),
+        platform: macOSPlatform,
       );
+      final Directory directory = fileSystem.directory('dir')..createSync();
+      final File file = directory.childFile('file');
 
-      final File file = fs.file('file');
-
-      const String expectedMessage = 'The flutter tool cannot access the file';
-      expect(() async => file.writeAsBytes(<int>[0]),
-             throwsToolExit(message: expectedMessage));
-      expect(() async => file.writeAsString(''),
-             throwsToolExit(message: expectedMessage));
-      expect(() => file.writeAsBytesSync(<int>[0]),
-             throwsToolExit(message: expectedMessage));
-      expect(() => file.writeAsStringSync(''),
-             throwsToolExit(message: expectedMessage));
-      expect(() => file.openSync(),
-             throwsToolExit(message: expectedMessage));
+      exceptionHandler.addError(
+        file,
+        FileSystemOp.create,
+        FileSystemException('', file.path, const OSError('', eacces)),
+      );
+      exceptionHandler.addError(
+        file,
+        FileSystemOp.write,
+        FileSystemException('', file.path, const OSError('', eacces)),
+      );
+      exceptionHandler.addError(
+        file,
+        FileSystemOp.read,
+        FileSystemException('', file.path, const OSError('', eacces)),
+      );
+      exceptionHandler.addError(
+        file,
+        FileSystemOp.delete,
+        FileSystemException('', file.path, const OSError('', eacces)),
+      );
+      const String writeMessage =
+          'Flutter failed to write to a file at "dir/file".\n'
+          'Please ensure that the SDK and/or project is installed in a location that has read/write permissions for the current user.\n'
+          'Try running:\n'
+          r'  sudo chown -R $(whoami) /dir/file';
+      expect(() async => file.writeAsBytes(<int>[0]), throwsToolExit(message: writeMessage));
+      expect(() async => file.writeAsString(''), throwsToolExit(message: writeMessage));
+      expect(() => file.writeAsBytesSync(<int>[0]), throwsToolExit(message: writeMessage));
+      expect(() => file.writeAsStringSync(''), throwsToolExit(message: writeMessage));
+
+      const String createMessage =
+          'Flutter failed to create file at "dir/file".\n'
+          'Please ensure that the SDK and/or project is installed in a location that has read/write permissions for the current user.\n'
+          'Try running:\n'
+          r'  sudo chown -R $(whoami) /dir';
+      expect(() => file.createSync(), throwsToolExit(message: createMessage));
+
+      // Recursive does not contain the "sudo chown" suggestion.
+      expect(() async => file.createSync(recursive: true),
+          throwsA(isA<ToolExit>().having((ToolExit e) => e.message, 'message', isNot(contains('sudo chown')))));
+
+      const String readMessage =
+          'Flutter failed to read a file at "dir/file".\n'
+          'Please ensure that the SDK and/or project is installed in a location that has read/write permissions for the current user.\n'
+          'Try running:\n'
+          r'  sudo chown -R $(whoami) /dir/file';
+      expect(() => file.readAsStringSync(), throwsToolExit(message: readMessage));
     });
 
     testWithoutContext('when access is denied for directories', () async {
-      setupDirectoryMocks(
-        mockFileSystem: mockFileSystem,
-        fs: fs,
-        errorCode: eperm,
+      final ErrorHandlingFileSystem fileSystem = ErrorHandlingFileSystem(
+        delegate: MemoryFileSystem.test(opHandle: exceptionHandler.opHandle),
+        platform: macOSPlatform,
       );
+      final Directory parent = fileSystem.directory('parent')..createSync();
+      final Directory directory = parent.childDirectory('childDir');
 
-      final Directory directory = fs.directory('file');
+      exceptionHandler.addError(
+        directory,
+        FileSystemOp.create,
+        FileSystemException('', directory.path, const OSError('', eperm)),
+      );
+      exceptionHandler.addError(
+        directory,
+        FileSystemOp.delete,
+        FileSystemException('', directory.path, const OSError('', eperm)),
+      );
 
-      const String expectedMessage = 'The flutter tool cannot access the file or directory';
+      const String createMessage =
+          'Flutter failed to create a directory at "parent/childDir".\n'
+          'Please ensure that the SDK and/or project is installed in a location that has read/write permissions for the current user.\n'
+          'Try running:\n'
+          r'  sudo chown -R $(whoami) /parent';
       expect(() async => directory.create(),
-             throwsToolExit(message: expectedMessage));
-      expect(() async => directory.delete(),
-             throwsToolExit(message: expectedMessage));
-      expect(() => directory.createSync(),
-             throwsToolExit(message: expectedMessage));
+          throwsToolExit(message: createMessage));
+      expect(() => directory.createSync(), throwsToolExit(message: createMessage));
+
+      // Recursive does not contain the "sudo chown" suggestion.
+      expect(() async => directory.createSync(recursive: true),
+          throwsA(isA<ToolExit>().having((ToolExit e) => e.message, 'message', isNot(contains('sudo chown')))));
+
+      const String deleteMessage =
+          'Flutter failed to delete a directory at "parent/childDir".\n'
+          'Please ensure that the SDK and/or project is installed in a location that has read/write permissions for the current user.\n'
+          'Try running:\n'
+          r'  sudo chown -R $(whoami) /parent';
       expect(() => directory.deleteSync(),
-             throwsToolExit(message: expectedMessage));
+          throwsToolExit(message: deleteMessage));
+      expect(() async => directory.delete(),
+          throwsToolExit(message: deleteMessage));
+
+      // Recursive does not contain the "sudo chown" suggestion.
+      expect(() async => directory.deleteSync(recursive: true),
+          throwsA(isA<ToolExit>().having((ToolExit e) => e.message, 'message', isNot(contains('sudo chown')))));
     });
 
     testWithoutContext('when writing to a full device', () async {
@@ -635,7 +775,8 @@ void main() {
     final Object firstPath = fs.path;
 
     fs.currentDirectory = null;
-    when(mockFileSystem.path).thenReturn(MockPathContext());
+    // For fs.path.absolute usage.
+    when(mockFileSystem.path).thenReturn(MemoryFileSystem.test().path);
 
     expect(identical(firstPath, fs.path), false);
   });
@@ -689,7 +830,7 @@ void main() {
     const int kUserMappedSectionOpened = 1224;
     const int kUserPermissionDenied = 5;
 
-    test('when PackageProcess throws an exception containg non-executable bits', () {
+    testWithoutContext('when PackageProcess throws an exception containg non-executable bits', () {
       final FakeProcessManager fakeProcessManager = FakeProcessManager.list(<FakeCommand>[
         const FakeCommand(command: <String>['foo'], exception: ProcessPackageExecutableNotFoundException('', candidates: <String>['not-empty'])),
         const FakeCommand(command: <String>['foo'], exception: ProcessPackageExecutableNotFoundException('', candidates: <String>['not-empty'])),
@@ -708,7 +849,7 @@ void main() {
              throwsToolExit(message: expectedMessage));
     });
 
-    test('when PackageProcess throws an exception without containing non-executable bits', () {
+    testWithoutContext('when PackageProcess throws an exception without containing non-executable bits', () {
       final FakeProcessManager fakeProcessManager = FakeProcessManager.list(<FakeCommand>[
         const FakeCommand(command: <String>['foo'], exception: ProcessPackageExecutableNotFoundException('', candidates: <String>[])),
         const FakeCommand(command: <String>['foo'], exception: ProcessPackageExecutableNotFoundException('', candidates: <String>[])),
@@ -725,7 +866,7 @@ void main() {
       expect(() async => processManager.runSync(<String>['foo']), throwsProcessException());
     });
 
-    test('when the device is full', () {
+    testWithoutContext('when the device is full', () {
       final FakeProcessManager fakeProcessManager = FakeProcessManager.list(<FakeCommand>[
         const FakeCommand(command: <String>['foo'], exception: ProcessException('', <String>[], '', kDeviceFull)),
         const FakeCommand(command: <String>['foo'], exception: ProcessException('', <String>[], '', kDeviceFull)),
@@ -747,7 +888,7 @@ void main() {
              throwsToolExit(message: expectedMessage));
     });
 
-    test('when the file is being used by another program', () {
+    testWithoutContext('when the file is being used by another program', () {
       final FakeProcessManager fakeProcessManager = FakeProcessManager.list(<FakeCommand>[
         const FakeCommand(command: <String>['foo'], exception: ProcessException('', <String>[], '', kUserMappedSectionOpened)),
         const FakeCommand(command: <String>['foo'], exception: ProcessException('', <String>[], '', kUserMappedSectionOpened)),
@@ -768,7 +909,7 @@ void main() {
              throwsToolExit(message: expectedMessage));
     });
 
-    test('when permissions are denied', () {
+    testWithoutContext('when permissions are denied', () {
       final FakeProcessManager fakeProcessManager = FakeProcessManager.list(<FakeCommand>[
         const FakeCommand(command: <String>['foo'], exception: ProcessException('', <String>[], '', kUserPermissionDenied)),
         const FakeCommand(command: <String>['foo'], exception: ProcessException('', <String>[], '', kUserPermissionDenied)),
@@ -788,13 +929,25 @@ void main() {
       expect(() => processManager.runSync(<String>['foo']),
              throwsToolExit(message: expectedMessage));
     });
+
+    testWithoutContext('when cannot run executable', () {
+      final ThrowingFakeProcessManager throwingFakeProcessManager = ThrowingFakeProcessManager(const ProcessException('', <String>[], '', kUserPermissionDenied));
+
+      final ProcessManager processManager = ErrorHandlingProcessManager(
+        delegate: throwingFakeProcessManager,
+        platform: windowsPlatform,
+      );
+
+      const String expectedMessage = r'Flutter failed to run "C:\path\to\dart". The flutter tool cannot access the file or directory.';
+      expect(() async => processManager.canRun(r'C:\path\to\dart'), throwsToolExit(message: expectedMessage));
+    });
   });
 
   group('ProcessManager on linux throws tool exit', () {
     const int enospc = 28;
     const int eacces = 13;
 
-    test('when writing to a full device', () {
+    testWithoutContext('when writing to a full device', () {
       final FakeProcessManager fakeProcessManager = FakeProcessManager.list(<FakeCommand>[
         const FakeCommand(command: <String>['foo'], exception: ProcessException('', <String>[], '', enospc)),
         const FakeCommand(command: <String>['foo'], exception: ProcessException('', <String>[], '', enospc)),
@@ -815,7 +968,7 @@ void main() {
              throwsToolExit(message: expectedMessage));
     });
 
-    test('when permissions are denied', () {
+    testWithoutContext('when permissions are denied', () {
       final FakeProcessManager fakeProcessManager = FakeProcessManager.list(<FakeCommand>[
         const FakeCommand(command: <String>['foo'], exception: ProcessException('', <String>[], '', eacces)),
         const FakeCommand(command: <String>['foo'], exception: ProcessException('', <String>[], '', eacces)),
@@ -835,13 +988,29 @@ void main() {
       expect(() => processManager.runSync(<String>['foo']),
              throwsToolExit(message: expectedMessage));
     });
+
+    testWithoutContext('when cannot run executable', () {
+      final ThrowingFakeProcessManager throwingFakeProcessManager = ThrowingFakeProcessManager(const ProcessException('', <String>[], '', eacces));
+
+      final ProcessManager processManager = ErrorHandlingProcessManager(
+        delegate: throwingFakeProcessManager,
+        platform: linuxPlatform,
+      );
+
+      const String expectedMessage = 'Flutter failed to run "/path/to/dart".\n'
+          'Please ensure that the SDK and/or project is installed in a location that has read/write permissions for the current user.\n'
+          'Try running:\n'
+          r'  sudo chown -R $(whoami) /path/to/dart && chmod u+rx /path/to/dart';
+
+      expect(() async => processManager.canRun('/path/to/dart'), throwsToolExit(message: expectedMessage));
+    });
   });
 
   group('ProcessManager on macOS throws tool exit', () {
     const int enospc = 28;
     const int eacces = 13;
 
-    test('when writing to a full device', () {
+    testWithoutContext('when writing to a full device', () {
       final FakeProcessManager fakeProcessManager = FakeProcessManager.list(<FakeCommand>[
         const FakeCommand(command: <String>['foo'], exception: ProcessException('', <String>[], '', enospc)),
         const FakeCommand(command: <String>['foo'], exception: ProcessException('', <String>[], '', enospc)),
@@ -862,7 +1031,7 @@ void main() {
              throwsToolExit(message: expectedMessage));
     });
 
-    test('when permissions are denied', () {
+    testWithoutContext('when permissions are denied', () {
       final FakeProcessManager fakeProcessManager = FakeProcessManager.list(<FakeCommand>[
         const FakeCommand(command: <String>['foo'], exception: ProcessException('', <String>[], '', eacces)),
         const FakeCommand(command: <String>['foo'], exception: ProcessException('', <String>[], '', eacces)),
@@ -870,7 +1039,7 @@ void main() {
       ]);
       final ProcessManager processManager = ErrorHandlingProcessManager(
         delegate: fakeProcessManager,
-        platform: linuxPlatform,
+        platform: macOSPlatform,
       );
 
       const String expectedMessage = 'The flutter tool cannot access the file';
@@ -882,6 +1051,22 @@ void main() {
       expect(() => processManager.runSync(<String>['foo']),
              throwsToolExit(message: expectedMessage));
     });
+
+    testWithoutContext('when cannot run executable', () {
+      final ThrowingFakeProcessManager throwingFakeProcessManager = ThrowingFakeProcessManager(const ProcessException('', <String>[], '', eacces));
+
+      final ProcessManager processManager = ErrorHandlingProcessManager(
+        delegate: throwingFakeProcessManager,
+        platform: macOSPlatform,
+      );
+
+      const String expectedMessage = 'Flutter failed to run "/path/to/dart".\n'
+      'Please ensure that the SDK and/or project is installed in a location that has read/write permissions for the current user.\n'
+      'Try running:\n'
+      r'  sudo chown -R $(whoami) /path/to/dart && chmod u+rx /path/to/dart';
+
+      expect(() async => processManager.canRun('/path/to/dart'), throwsToolExit(message: expectedMessage));
+    });
   });
 
   testWithoutContext('ErrorHandlingProcessManager delegates killPid correctly', () async {
@@ -910,21 +1095,32 @@ void main() {
         delegate: mockFileSystem,
         platform: linuxPlatform,
       );
-      when(mockFileSystem.path).thenReturn(MockPathContext());
+      // For fs.path.absolute usage.
+      when(mockFileSystem.path).thenReturn(MemoryFileSystem.test().path);
     });
 
     testWithoutContext('copySync handles error if openSync on source file fails', () {
       final MockFile source = MockFile();
+      when(source.path).thenReturn('source');
       when(source.openSync(mode: anyNamed('mode')))
         .thenThrow(const FileSystemException('', '', OSError('', eaccess)));
       when(mockFileSystem.file('source')).thenReturn(source);
 
-      expect(() => fileSystem.file('source').copySync('dest'), throwsToolExit());
+      const String expectedMessage =
+          'Flutter failed to copy source to dest due to source location error.\n'
+          'Please ensure that the SDK and/or project is installed in a location that has read/write permissions for the current user.\n'
+          'Try running:\n'
+          r'  sudo chown -R $(whoami) /source';
+      expect(() => fileSystem.file('source').copySync('dest'), throwsToolExit(message: expectedMessage));
     });
 
     testWithoutContext('copySync handles error if createSync on destination file fails', () {
       final MockFile source = MockFile();
+      when(source.path).thenReturn('source');
+      final MockDirectory parent = MockDirectory();
+      when(parent.path).thenReturn('destParent');
       final MockFile dest = MockFile();
+      when(dest.parent).thenReturn(parent);
       when(source.openSync(mode: anyNamed('mode')))
         .thenReturn(MockRandomAccessFile());
       when(dest.createSync(recursive: anyNamed('recursive')))
@@ -932,13 +1128,20 @@ void main() {
       when(mockFileSystem.file('source')).thenReturn(source);
       when(mockFileSystem.file('dest')).thenReturn(dest);
 
-      expect(() => fileSystem.file('source').copySync('dest'), throwsToolExit());
+      const String expectedMessage =
+          'Flutter failed to copy source to dest due to destination location error.\n'
+          'Please ensure that the SDK and/or project is installed in a location that has read/write permissions for the current user.';
+      expect(() => fileSystem.file('source').copySync('dest'), throwsToolExit(message: expectedMessage));
     });
 
     // dart:io is able to clobber read-only files.
     testWithoutContext('copySync will copySync even if the destination is not writable', () {
       final MockFile source = MockFile();
+      when(source.path).thenReturn('source');
+      final MockDirectory parent = MockDirectory();
+      when(parent.path).thenReturn('destParent');
       final MockFile dest = MockFile();
+      when(dest.parent).thenReturn(parent);
 
       when(source.copySync(any)).thenReturn(dest);
       when(mockFileSystem.file('source')).thenReturn(source);
@@ -955,7 +1158,11 @@ void main() {
 
     testWithoutContext('copySync will copySync if there are no exceptions', () {
       final MockFile source = MockFile();
+      when(source.path).thenReturn('source');
+      final MockDirectory parent = MockDirectory();
+      when(parent.path).thenReturn('destParent');
       final MockFile dest = MockFile();
+      when(dest.parent).thenReturn(parent);
 
       when(source.copySync(any)).thenReturn(dest);
       when(mockFileSystem.file('source')).thenReturn(source);
@@ -973,7 +1180,11 @@ void main() {
     testWithoutContext('copySync can directly copy bytes if both files can be opened but copySync fails', () {
       final MemoryFileSystem memoryFileSystem = MemoryFileSystem.test();
       final MockFile source = MockFile();
+      when(source.path).thenReturn('source');
+      final MockDirectory parent = MockDirectory();
+      when(parent.path).thenReturn('destParent');
       final MockFile dest = MockFile();
+      when(dest.parent).thenReturn(parent);
       final List<int> expectedBytes = List<int>.generate(64 * 1024 + 3, (int i) => i.isEven ? 0 : 1);
       final File memorySource = memoryFileSystem.file('source')
         ..writeAsBytesSync(expectedBytes);
@@ -997,7 +1208,11 @@ void main() {
     testWithoutContext('copySync deletes the result file if the fallback fails', () {
       final MemoryFileSystem memoryFileSystem = MemoryFileSystem.test();
       final MockFile source = MockFile();
+      when(source.path).thenReturn('source');
+      final MockDirectory parent = MockDirectory();
+      when(parent.path).thenReturn('destParent');
       final MockFile dest = MockFile();
+      when(dest.parent).thenReturn(parent);
       final File memorySource = memoryFileSystem.file('source')
         ..createSync();
       final File memoryDest = memoryFileSystem.file('dest')
@@ -1020,7 +1235,12 @@ void main() {
       when(mockFileSystem.file('source')).thenReturn(source);
       when(mockFileSystem.file('dest')).thenReturn(dest);
 
-      expect(() => fileSystem.file('source').copySync('dest'), throwsToolExit());
+      const String expectedMessage =
+          'Flutter failed to copy source to dest due to unknown error.\n'
+          'Please ensure that the SDK and/or project is installed in a location that has read/write permissions for the current user.\n'
+          'Try running:\n'
+          r'  sudo chown -R $(whoami) /source /destParent';
+      expect(() => fileSystem.file('source').copySync('dest'), throwsToolExit(message: expectedMessage));
 
       verify(dest.deleteSync(recursive: true)).called(1);
     });
@@ -1036,3 +1256,14 @@ class FakeSignalProcessManager extends Fake implements ProcessManager {
     return true;
   }
 }
+
+class ThrowingFakeProcessManager extends Fake implements ProcessManager {
+  ThrowingFakeProcessManager(Exception exception) : _exception = exception;
+
+  final Exception _exception;
+
+  @override
+  bool canRun(dynamic executable, {String workingDirectory}) {
+    throw _exception;
+  }
+}

packages/flutter_tools/test/general.shard/config_test.dart

@@ -104,8 +104,7 @@ void main() {
     config = Config.createForTesting(file, bufferLogger);
 
     expect(bufferLogger.errorText, contains('Could not read preferences in testfile'));
-    // Also contains original error message:
-    expect(bufferLogger.errorText, contains('The flutter tool cannot access the file or directory'));
+    expect(bufferLogger.errorText, contains(r'sudo chown -R $(whoami) /testfile'));
   });
 
   testWithoutContext('Config in home dir is used if it exists', () {