make `suggestionsBuilder` in `SearchAnchor` asyncable (#127019)

examples/api/lib/material/search_anchor/search_anchor.3.dart

+// Copyright 2014 The Flutter Authors. All rights reserved.
+// Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style license that can be
+// found in the LICENSE file.
+
+import 'package:flutter/material.dart';
+
+/// Flutter code sample for [SearchAnchor] that shows how to fetch the suggestions
+/// from a remote API.
+
+const Duration fakeAPIDuration = Duration(seconds: 1);
+
+void main() => runApp(const SearchAnchorAsyncExampleApp());
+
+class SearchAnchorAsyncExampleApp extends StatelessWidget {
+  const SearchAnchorAsyncExampleApp({super.key});
+
+  @override
+  Widget build(BuildContext context) {
+    return MaterialApp(
+      home: Scaffold(
+        appBar: AppBar(
+          title: const Text('SearchAnchor - async'),
+        ),
+        body: const Center(
+          child: _AsyncSearchAnchor(),
+        ),
+      ),
+    );
+  }
+}
+
+class _AsyncSearchAnchor extends StatefulWidget {
+  const _AsyncSearchAnchor();
+
+  @override
+  State<_AsyncSearchAnchor > createState() => _AsyncSearchAnchorState();
+}
+
+class _AsyncSearchAnchorState extends State<_AsyncSearchAnchor > {
+  // The query currently being searched for. If null, there is no pending
+  // request.
+  String? _searchingWithQuery;
+
+  // The most recent options received from the API.
+  late Iterable<Widget> _lastOptions = <Widget>[];
+
+  @override
+  Widget build(BuildContext context) {
+    return SearchAnchor(
+        builder: (BuildContext context, SearchController controller) {
+          return IconButton(
+            icon: const Icon(Icons.search),
+            onPressed: () {
+              controller.openView();
+            },
+          );
+        },
+        suggestionsBuilder: (BuildContext context, SearchController controller) async {
+          _searchingWithQuery = controller.text;
+          final List<String> options = (await _FakeAPI.search(_searchingWithQuery!)).toList();
+
+          // If another search happened after this one, throw away these options.
+          // Use the previous options intead and wait for the newer request to
+          // finish.
+          if (_searchingWithQuery != controller.text) {
+            return _lastOptions;
+          }
+
+          _lastOptions = List<ListTile>.generate(options.length, (int index) {
+            final String item = options[index];
+            return ListTile(
+              title: Text(item),
+            );
+          });
+
+          return _lastOptions;
+        });
+  }
+}
+
+// Mimics a remote API.
+class _FakeAPI {
+  static const List<String> _kOptions = <String>[
+    'aardvark',
+    'bobcat',
+    'chameleon',
+  ];
+
+  // Searches the options, but injects a fake "network" delay.
+  static Future<Iterable<String>> search(String query) async {
+    await Future<void>.delayed(fakeAPIDuration); // Fake 1 second delay.
+    if (query == '') {
+      return const Iterable<String>.empty();
+    }
+    return _kOptions.where((String option) {
+      return option.contains(query.toLowerCase());
+    });
+  }
+}

examples/api/lib/material/search_anchor/search_anchor.4.dart

+// Copyright 2014 The Flutter Authors. All rights reserved.
+// Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style license that can be
+// found in the LICENSE file.
+
+import 'dart:async';
+
+import 'package:flutter/material.dart';
+
+/// Flutter code sample for [SearchAnchor] that demonstrates fetching the
+/// suggestions asynchronously and debouncing the network calls.
+
+const Duration fakeAPIDuration = Duration(seconds: 1);
+const Duration debounceDuration = Duration(milliseconds: 500);
+
+void main() => runApp(const SearchAnchorAsyncExampleApp());
+
+class SearchAnchorAsyncExampleApp extends StatelessWidget {
+  const SearchAnchorAsyncExampleApp({super.key});
+
+  @override
+  Widget build(BuildContext context) {
+    return MaterialApp(
+      home: Scaffold(
+        appBar: AppBar(
+          title: const Text('SearchAnchor - async and debouncing'),
+        ),
+        body: const Center(
+          child: _AsyncSearchAnchor(),
+        ),
+      ),
+    );
+  }
+}
+
+class _AsyncSearchAnchor extends StatefulWidget {
+  const _AsyncSearchAnchor();
+
+  @override
+  State<_AsyncSearchAnchor > createState() => _AsyncSearchAnchorState();
+}
+
+class _AsyncSearchAnchorState extends State<_AsyncSearchAnchor > {
+  // The query currently being searched for. If null, there is no pending
+  // request.
+  String? _currentQuery;
+
+  // The most recent suggestions received from the API.
+  late Iterable<Widget> _lastOptions = <Widget>[];
+
+  late final _Debounceable<Iterable<String>?, String> _debouncedSearch;
+
+  // Calls the "remote" API to search with the given query. Returns null when
+  // the call has been made obsolete.
+  Future<Iterable<String>?> _search(String query) async {
+    _currentQuery = query;
+
+    // In a real application, there should be some error handling here.
+    final Iterable<String> options = await _FakeAPI.search(_currentQuery!);
+
+    // If another search happened after this one, throw away these options.
+    if (_currentQuery != query) {
+      return null;
+    }
+    _currentQuery = null;
+
+    return options;
+  }
+
+  @override
+  void initState() {
+    super.initState();
+    _debouncedSearch = _debounce<Iterable<String>?, String>(_search);
+  }
+
+  @override
+  Widget build(BuildContext context) {
+    return SearchAnchor(
+      builder: (BuildContext context, SearchController controller) {
+        return IconButton(
+          icon: const Icon(Icons.search),
+          onPressed: () {
+            controller.openView();
+          },
+        );
+      },
+      suggestionsBuilder: (BuildContext context, SearchController controller) async {
+        final List<String>? options = (await _debouncedSearch(controller.text))?.toList();
+        if (options == null) {
+          return _lastOptions;
+        }
+        _lastOptions = List<ListTile>.generate(options.length, (int index) {
+          final String item = options[index];
+          return ListTile(
+            title: Text(item),
+            onTap: () {
+              debugPrint('You just selected $item');
+            },
+          );
+        });
+
+        return _lastOptions;
+      },
+    );
+  }
+}
+
+// Mimics a remote API.
+class _FakeAPI {
+  static const List<String> _kOptions = <String>[
+    'aardvark',
+    'bobcat',
+    'chameleon',
+  ];
+
+  // Searches the options, but injects a fake "network" delay.
+  static Future<Iterable<String>> search(String query) async {
+    await Future<void>.delayed(fakeAPIDuration); // Fake 1 second delay.
+    if (query == '') {
+      return const Iterable<String>.empty();
+    }
+    return _kOptions.where((String option) {
+      return option.contains(query.toLowerCase());
+    });
+  }
+}
+
+typedef _Debounceable<S, T> = Future<S?> Function(T parameter);
+
+/// Returns a new function that is a debounced version of the given function.
+///
+/// This means that the original function will be called only after no calls
+/// have been made for the given Duration.
+_Debounceable<S, T> _debounce<S, T>(_Debounceable<S?, T> function) {
+  _DebounceTimer? debounceTimer;
+
+  return (T parameter) async {
+    if (debounceTimer != null && !debounceTimer!.isCompleted) {
+      debounceTimer!.cancel();
+    }
+    debounceTimer = _DebounceTimer();
+    try {
+      await debounceTimer!.future;
+    } catch (error) {
+      if (error is _CancelException) {
+        return null;
+      }
+      rethrow;
+    }
+    return function(parameter);
+  };
+}
+
+// A wrapper around Timer used for debouncing.
+class _DebounceTimer {
+  _DebounceTimer() {
+    _timer = Timer(debounceDuration, _onComplete);
+  }
+
+  late final Timer _timer;
+  final Completer<void> _completer = Completer<void>();
+
+  void _onComplete() {
+    _completer.complete();
+  }
+
+  Future<void> get future => _completer.future;
+
+  bool get isCompleted => _completer.isCompleted;
+
+  void cancel() {
+    _timer.cancel();
+    _completer.completeError(const _CancelException());
+  }
+}
+
+// An exception indicating that the timer was canceled.
+class _CancelException implements Exception {
+  const _CancelException();
+}

examples/api/test/material/search_anchor/search_anchor.3_test.dart

+// Copyright 2014 The Flutter Authors. All rights reserved.
+// Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style license that can be
+// found in the LICENSE file.
+
+import 'package:flutter/material.dart';
+import 'package:flutter_api_samples/material/search_anchor/search_anchor.3.dart' as example;
+import 'package:flutter_test/flutter_test.dart';
+
+void main() {
+  testWidgets('can search and find options after waiting for fake network delay', (WidgetTester tester) async {
+    await tester.pumpWidget(const example.SearchAnchorAsyncExampleApp());
+
+    await tester.tap(find.byIcon(Icons.search));
+    await tester.pumpAndSettle();
+
+    expect(find.widgetWithText(ListTile, 'aardvark'), findsNothing);
+    expect(find.widgetWithText(ListTile, 'bobcat'), findsNothing);
+    expect(find.widgetWithText(ListTile, 'chameleon'), findsNothing);
+
+    await tester.enterText(find.byType(SearchBar), 'a');
+    await tester.pump(example.fakeAPIDuration);
+
+    expect(find.widgetWithText(ListTile, 'aardvark'), findsOneWidget);
+    expect(find.widgetWithText(ListTile, 'bobcat'), findsOneWidget);
+    expect(find.widgetWithText(ListTile, 'chameleon'), findsOneWidget);
+
+    await tester.enterText(find.byType(SearchBar), 'aa');
+    await tester.pump(example.fakeAPIDuration);
+
+    expect(find.widgetWithText(ListTile, 'aardvark'), findsOneWidget);
+    expect(find.widgetWithText(ListTile, 'bobcat'), findsNothing);
+    expect(find.widgetWithText(ListTile, 'chameleon'), findsNothing);
+  });
+}

examples/api/test/material/search_anchor/search_anchor.4_test.dart

+// Copyright 2014 The Flutter Authors. All rights reserved.
+// Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style license that can be
+// found in the LICENSE file.
+
+import 'package:flutter/material.dart';
+import 'package:flutter_api_samples/material/search_anchor/search_anchor.4.dart' as example;
+import 'package:flutter_test/flutter_test.dart';
+
+void main() {
+  testWidgets('can search and find options after waiting for fake network delay and debounce delay', (WidgetTester tester) async {
+    await tester.pumpWidget(const example.SearchAnchorAsyncExampleApp());
+
+    await tester.tap(find.byIcon(Icons.search));
+    await tester.pumpAndSettle();
+
+    expect(find.widgetWithText(ListTile, 'aardvark'), findsNothing);
+    expect(find.widgetWithText(ListTile, 'bobcat'), findsNothing);
+    expect(find.widgetWithText(ListTile, 'chameleon'), findsNothing);
+
+    await tester.enterText(find.byType(SearchBar), 'a');
+    await tester.pump(example.fakeAPIDuration);
+
+    // No results yet, need to also wait for the debounce duration.
+    expect(find.widgetWithText(ListTile, 'aardvark'), findsNothing);
+    expect(find.widgetWithText(ListTile, 'bobcat'), findsNothing);
+    expect(find.widgetWithText(ListTile, 'chameleon'), findsNothing);
+
+    await tester.pump(example.debounceDuration);
+
+    expect(find.widgetWithText(ListTile, 'aardvark'), findsOneWidget);
+    expect(find.widgetWithText(ListTile, 'bobcat'), findsOneWidget);
+    expect(find.widgetWithText(ListTile, 'chameleon'), findsOneWidget);
+
+    await tester.enterText(find.byType(SearchBar), 'aa');
+    await tester.pump(example.debounceDuration + example.fakeAPIDuration);
+
+    expect(find.widgetWithText(ListTile, 'aardvark'), findsOneWidget);
+    expect(find.widgetWithText(ListTile, 'bobcat'), findsNothing);
+    expect(find.widgetWithText(ListTile, 'chameleon'), findsNothing);
+  });
+
+  testWidgets('debounce is reset each time a character is entered', (WidgetTester tester) async {
+    await tester.pumpWidget(const example.SearchAnchorAsyncExampleApp());
+
+    await tester.tap(find.byIcon(Icons.search));
+    await tester.pumpAndSettle();
+
+    await tester.enterText(find.byType(SearchBar), 'c');
+    await tester.pump(example.debounceDuration - const Duration(milliseconds: 100));
+
+    expect(find.widgetWithText(ListTile, 'aardvark'), findsNothing);
+    expect(find.widgetWithText(ListTile, 'bobcat'), findsNothing);
+    expect(find.widgetWithText(ListTile, 'chameleon'), findsNothing);
+
+    await tester.enterText(find.byType(SearchBar), 'ch');
+    await tester.pump(example.debounceDuration - const Duration(milliseconds: 100));
+
+    expect(find.widgetWithText(ListTile, 'aardvark'), findsNothing);
+    expect(find.widgetWithText(ListTile, 'bobcat'), findsNothing);
+    expect(find.widgetWithText(ListTile, 'chameleon'), findsNothing);
+
+    await tester.enterText(find.byType(SearchBar), 'cha');
+    await tester.pump(example.debounceDuration - const Duration(milliseconds: 100));
+
+    expect(find.widgetWithText(ListTile, 'aardvark'), findsNothing);
+    expect(find.widgetWithText(ListTile, 'bobcat'), findsNothing);
+    expect(find.widgetWithText(ListTile, 'chameleon'), findsNothing);
+
+    await tester.enterText(find.byType(SearchBar), 'cham');
+    await tester.pump(example.debounceDuration - const Duration(milliseconds: 100));
+
+    // Despite the total elapsed time being greater than debounceDuration +
+    // fakeAPIDuration, the search has not yet completed, because the debounce
+    // was reset each time text input happened.
+    expect(find.widgetWithText(ListTile, 'aardvark'), findsNothing);
+    expect(find.widgetWithText(ListTile, 'bobcat'), findsNothing);
+    expect(find.widgetWithText(ListTile, 'chameleon'), findsNothing);
+
+    await tester.enterText(find.byType(SearchBar), 'chame');
+    await tester.pump(example.debounceDuration + example.fakeAPIDuration);
+
+    expect(find.widgetWithText(ListTile, 'aardvark'), findsNothing);
+    expect(find.widgetWithText(ListTile, 'bobcat'), findsNothing);
+    expect(find.widgetWithText(ListTile, 'chameleon'), findsOneWidget);
+  });
+}

packages/flutter/lib/src/material/search_anchor.dart

@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@
 // Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style license that can be
 // found in the LICENSE file.
 
+import 'dart:async';
 import 'dart:math' as math;
 import 'dart:ui';
 
@@ -46,7 +47,7 @@ typedef SearchAnchorChildBuilder = Widget Function(BuildContext context, SearchC
 ///
 /// The `controller` callback provided to [SearchAnchor.suggestionsBuilder] can be used
 /// to close the search view and control the editable field on the view.
-typedef SuggestionsBuilder = Iterable<Widget> Function(BuildContext context, SearchController controller);
+typedef SuggestionsBuilder = FutureOr<Iterable<Widget>> Function(BuildContext context, SearchController controller);
 
 /// Signature for a function that creates a [Widget] to layout the suggestion list.
 ///
@@ -648,7 +649,7 @@ class _ViewContentState extends State<_ViewContent> {
   Size? _screenSize;
   late Rect _viewRect;
   late final SearchController _controller;
-  late Iterable<Widget> result;
+  Iterable<Widget> result = <Widget>[];
   final FocusNode _focusNode = FocusNode();
 
   @override
@@ -674,7 +675,6 @@ class _ViewContentState extends State<_ViewContent> {
   @override
   void didChangeDependencies() {
     super.didChangeDependencies();
-    result = widget.suggestionsBuilder(context, _controller);
     final Size updatedScreenSize = MediaQuery.of(context).size;
 
     if (_screenSize != updatedScreenSize) {
@@ -683,6 +683,7 @@ class _ViewContentState extends State<_ViewContent> {
         _viewRect = Offset.zero & _screenSize!;
       }
     }
+    unawaited(updateSuggestions());
   }
 
   Widget viewBuilder(Iterable<Widget> suggestions) {
@@ -698,11 +699,14 @@ class _ViewContentState extends State<_ViewContent> {
     return widget.viewBuilder!(suggestions);
   }
 
-  void updateSuggestions() {
+  Future<void> updateSuggestions() async {
+    final Iterable<Widget> suggestions = await widget.suggestionsBuilder(context, _controller);
+    if (mounted) {
       setState(() {
-      result = widget.suggestionsBuilder(context, _controller);
+        result = suggestions;
       });
     }
+  }
 
   @override
   Widget build(BuildContext context) {

packages/flutter/test/material/search_anchor_test.dart

@@ -1362,6 +1362,51 @@ void main() {
     expect(controller.value.text, suggestion);
   });
 
+  testWidgets('SearchAnchor suggestionsBuilder property could be async', (WidgetTester tester) async {
+    final SearchController controller = SearchController();
+    const String suggestion = 'suggestion text';
+
+    await tester.pumpWidget(MaterialApp(
+      home: StatefulBuilder(
+        builder: (BuildContext context, StateSetter setState) {
+          return Material(
+            child: Align(
+              alignment: Alignment.topCenter,
+              child: SearchAnchor(
+                searchController: controller,
+                builder: (BuildContext context, SearchController controller) {
+                  return const Icon(Icons.search);
+                },
+                suggestionsBuilder: (BuildContext context, SearchController controller) async {
+                  return <Widget>[
+                    ListTile(
+                      title: const Text(suggestion),
+                      onTap: () {
+                        setState(() {
+                          controller.closeView(suggestion);
+                        });
+                      },
+                    ),
+                  ];
+                },
+              ),
+            ),
+          );
+        },
+      ),
+    ));
+    await tester.tap(find.byIcon(Icons.search));
+    await tester.pumpAndSettle();
+
+    final Finder text = find.text(suggestion);
+    expect(text, findsOneWidget);
+    await tester.tap(text);
+    await tester.pumpAndSettle();
+
+    expect(controller.isOpen, false);
+    expect(controller.value.text, suggestion);
+  });
+
   testWidgets('SearchAnchor.bar has a default search bar as the anchor', (WidgetTester tester) async {
     await tester.pumpWidget(MaterialApp(
       home: Material(