Have the framework in charge of scheduling frames. (#13344)

...instead of the engine.

dev/automated_tests/flutter_test/ticker_expectation.txt

+[^═]*(this line contains the test framework's output with the clock and so forth)?
+══╡ EXCEPTION CAUGHT BY SCHEDULER LIBRARY ╞═════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
+The following message was thrown:
+An animation is still running even after the widget tree was disposed.
+
+There was one transient callback left. The stack trace for when it was registered is as follows:
+── callback 2 ──
+<<skip until matching line>>
+#[0-9]+      main.+ \(.+/flutter/dev/automated_tests/flutter_test/ticker_test\.dart:[0-9]+:[0-9]+\)
+<<skip until matching line>>
+════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
+.*..:.. \+0 -1: - Does flutter_test catch leaking tickers\? \[E\]
+  Test failed\. See exception logs above\.
+  The test description was: Does flutter_test catch leaking tickers\?
+ *
+.*..:.. \+0 -1: Some tests failed\. *

dev/automated_tests/flutter_test/ticker_test.dart

+// Copyright 2016 The Chromium Authors. All rights reserved.
+// Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style license that can be
+// found in the LICENSE file.
+
+import 'package:flutter/scheduler.dart';
+import 'package:flutter/services.dart';
+import 'package:flutter_test/flutter_test.dart';
+
+void main() {
+  testWidgets('Does flutter_test catch leaking tickers?', (WidgetTester tester) async {
+    new Ticker((Duration duration) { })..start();
+
+    final ByteData message = const StringCodec().encodeMessage('AppLifecycleState.paused');
+    await BinaryMessages.handlePlatformMessage('flutter/lifecycle', message, (_) {});
+  });
+}

packages/flutter/lib/src/rendering/binding.dart

@@ -105,8 +105,8 @@ abstract class RendererBinding extends BindingBase with ServicesBinding, Schedul
     );
 
     registerSignalServiceExtension(
-        name: 'debugDumpSemanticsTreeInInverseHitTestOrder',
-        callback: () { debugDumpSemanticsTree(DebugSemanticsDumpOrder.inverseHitTest); return debugPrintDone; }
+      name: 'debugDumpSemanticsTreeInInverseHitTestOrder',
+      callback: () { debugDumpSemanticsTree(DebugSemanticsDumpOrder.inverseHitTest); return debugPrintDone; }
     );
   }
 
@@ -139,14 +139,17 @@ abstract class RendererBinding extends BindingBase with ServicesBinding, Schedul
   /// Called when the system metrics change.
   ///
   /// See [Window.onMetricsChanged].
+  @protected
   void handleMetricsChanged() {
     assert(renderView != null);
     renderView.configuration = createViewConfiguration();
+    scheduleForcedFrame();
   }
 
   /// Called when the platform text scale factor changes.
   ///
   /// See [Window.onTextScaleFactorChanged].
+  @protected
   void handleTextScaleFactorChanged() { }
 
   /// Returns a [ViewConfiguration] configured for the [RenderView] based on the
@@ -266,26 +269,6 @@ abstract class RendererBinding extends BindingBase with ServicesBinding, Schedul
     pipelineOwner.flushSemantics(); // this also sends the semantics to the OS.
   }
 
-  /// Schedule a frame to run as soon as possible, rather than waiting for
-  /// the engine to request a frame.
-  ///
-  /// This is used during application startup so that the first frame (which is
-  /// likely to be quite expensive) gets a few extra milliseconds to run.
-  void scheduleWarmUpFrame() {
-    // We use timers here to ensure that microtasks flush in between.
-    //
-    // We call resetEpoch after this frame so that, in the hot reload case, the
-    // very next frame pretends to have occurred immediately after this warm-up
-    // frame. The warm-up frame's timestamp will typically be far in the past
-    // (the time of the last real frame), so if we didn't reset the epoch we
-    // would see a sudden jump from the old time in the warm-up frame to the new
-    // time in the "real" frame. The biggest problem with this is that implicit
-    // animations end up being triggered at the old time and then skipping every
-    // frame and finishing in the new time.
-    Timer.run(() { handleBeginFrame(null); });
-    Timer.run(() { handleDrawFrame(); resetEpoch(); });
-  }
-
   @override
   Future<Null> performReassemble() async {
     await super.performReassemble();

packages/flutter/lib/src/scheduler/binding.dart

@@ -6,15 +6,16 @@ import 'dart:async';
 import 'dart:collection';
 import 'dart:developer';
 import 'dart:ui' as ui show window;
-import 'dart:ui' show VoidCallback;
+import 'dart:ui' show AppLifecycleState, VoidCallback;
 
 import 'package:collection/collection.dart' show PriorityQueue, HeapPriorityQueue;
 import 'package:flutter/foundation.dart';
+import 'package:flutter/services.dart';
 
 import 'debug.dart';
 import 'priority.dart';
 
-export 'dart:ui' show VoidCallback;
+export 'dart:ui' show AppLifecycleState, VoidCallback;
 
 /// Slows down animations by this factor to help in development.
 double get timeDilation => _timeDilation;
@@ -51,9 +52,16 @@ typedef void FrameCallback(Duration timeStamp);
 typedef bool SchedulingStrategy({ int priority, SchedulerBinding scheduler });
 
 class _TaskEntry {
-  const _TaskEntry(this.task, this.priority);
+  _TaskEntry(this.task, this.priority) {
+    assert(() {
+      debugStack = StackTrace.current;
+      return true;
+    }());
+  }
   final VoidCallback task;
   final int priority;
+
+  StackTrace debugStack;
 }
 
 class _FrameCallbackEntry {
@@ -85,7 +93,6 @@ class _FrameCallbackEntry {
 
   final FrameCallback callback;
 
-  // debug-mode fields
   static StackTrace debugCurrentCallbackStack;
   StackTrace debugStack;
 }
@@ -158,7 +165,7 @@ enum SchedulerPhase {
 /// * Non-rendering tasks, to be run between frames. These are given a
 ///   priority and are executed in priority order according to a
 ///   [schedulingStrategy].
-abstract class SchedulerBinding extends BindingBase {
+abstract class SchedulerBinding extends BindingBase with ServicesBinding {
   // This class is intended to be used as a mixin, and should not be
   // extended directly.
   factory SchedulerBinding._() => null;
@@ -167,8 +174,9 @@ abstract class SchedulerBinding extends BindingBase {
   void initInstances() {
     super.initInstances();
     _instance = this;
-    ui.window.onBeginFrame = handleBeginFrame;
-    ui.window.onDrawFrame = handleDrawFrame;
+    ui.window.onBeginFrame = _handleBeginFrame;
+    ui.window.onDrawFrame = _handleDrawFrame;
+    SystemChannels.lifecycle.setMessageHandler(_handleLifecycleMessage);
   }
 
   /// The current [SchedulerBinding], if one has been created.
@@ -187,6 +195,59 @@ abstract class SchedulerBinding extends BindingBase {
     );
   }
 
+  /// Whether the application is visible, and if so, whether it is currently
+  /// interactive.
+  ///
+  /// This is set by [handleAppLifecycleStateChanged] when the
+  /// [SystemChannels.lifecycle] notification is dispatched.
+  ///
+  /// The preferred way to watch for changes to this value is using
+  /// [WidgetsBindingObserver.didChangeAppLifecycleState].
+  AppLifecycleState get lifecycleState => _lifecycleState;
+  AppLifecycleState _lifecycleState;
+
+  /// Called when the application lifecycle state changes.
+  ///
+  /// Notifies all the observers using
+  /// [WidgetsBindingObserver.didChangeAppLifecycleState].
+  ///
+  /// This method exposes notifications from [SystemChannels.lifecycle].
+  @protected
+  @mustCallSuper
+  void handleAppLifecycleStateChanged(AppLifecycleState state) {
+    assert(state != null);
+    _lifecycleState = state;
+    switch (state) {
+      case AppLifecycleState.resumed:
+      case AppLifecycleState.inactive:
+        _setFramesEnabledState(true);
+        break;
+      case AppLifecycleState.paused:
+      case AppLifecycleState.suspending:
+        _setFramesEnabledState(false);
+        break;
+    }
+  }
+
+  Future<String> _handleLifecycleMessage(String message) {
+    handleAppLifecycleStateChanged(_parseAppLifecycleMessage(message));
+    return null;
+  }
+
+  static AppLifecycleState _parseAppLifecycleMessage(String message) {
+    switch (message) {
+      case 'AppLifecycleState.paused':
+        return AppLifecycleState.paused;
+      case 'AppLifecycleState.resumed':
+        return AppLifecycleState.resumed;
+      case 'AppLifecycleState.inactive':
+        return AppLifecycleState.inactive;
+      case 'AppLifecycleState.suspending':
+        return AppLifecycleState.suspending;
+    }
+    return null;
+  }
+
   /// The strategy to use when deciding whether to run a task or not.
   ///
   /// Defaults to [defaultSchedulingStrategy].
@@ -221,41 +282,65 @@ abstract class SchedulerBinding extends BindingBase {
   // Whether this scheduler already requested to be called from the event loop.
   bool _hasRequestedAnEventLoopCallback = false;
 
-  // Ensures that the scheduler is awakened by the event loop.
+  // Ensures that the scheduler services a task scheduled by [scheduleTask].
   void _ensureEventLoopCallback() {
     assert(!locked);
+    assert(_taskQueue.isNotEmpty);
     if (_hasRequestedAnEventLoopCallback)
       return;
-    Timer.run(handleEventLoopCallback);
     _hasRequestedAnEventLoopCallback = true;
+    Timer.run(_runTasks);
   }
 
-  /// Called by the system when there is time to run tasks.
-  void handleEventLoopCallback() {
+  // Scheduled by _ensureEventLoopCallback.
+  void _runTasks() {
     _hasRequestedAnEventLoopCallback = false;
-    _runTasks();
+    if (handleEventLoopCallback())
+      _ensureEventLoopCallback(); // runs next task when there's time
   }
 
-  // Called when the system wakes up and at the end of each frame.
-  void _runTasks() {
+  /// Execute the highest-priority task, if it is of a high enough priority.
+  ///
+  /// Returns true if a task was executed and there are other tasks remaining
+  /// (even if they are not high-enough priority).
+  ///
+  /// Returns false if no task was executed, which can occur if there are no
+  /// tasks scheduled, if the scheduler is [locked], or if the highest-priority
+  /// task is of too low a priority given the current [schedulingStrategy].
+  ///
+  /// Also returns false if there are no tasks remaining.
+  @visibleForTesting
+  bool handleEventLoopCallback() {
     if (_taskQueue.isEmpty || locked)
-      return;
+      return false;
     final _TaskEntry entry = _taskQueue.first;
-    // TODO(floitsch): for now we only expose the priority. It might
-    // be interesting to provide more info (like, how long the task
-    // ran the last time, or how long is left in this frame).
     if (schedulingStrategy(priority: entry.priority, scheduler: this)) {
       try {
         (_taskQueue.removeFirst().task)();
-      } finally {
-        if (_taskQueue.isNotEmpty)
-          _ensureEventLoopCallback();
+      } catch (exception, exceptionStack) {
+        StackTrace callbackStack;
+        assert(() {
+          callbackStack = entry.debugStack;
+          return true;
+        }());
+        FlutterError.reportError(new FlutterErrorDetails(
+          exception: exception,
+          stack: exceptionStack,
+          library: 'scheduler library',
+          context: 'during a task callback',
+          informationCollector: (callbackStack == null) ? null : (StringBuffer information) {
+            information.writeln(
+              '\nThis exception was thrown in the context of a task callback. '
+              'When the task callback was _registered_ (as opposed to when the '
+              'exception was thrown), this was the stack:'
+            );
+            FlutterError.defaultStackFilter(callbackStack.toString().trimRight().split('\n')).forEach(information.writeln);
+          }
+        ));
       }
-    } else {
-      // TODO(floitsch): we shouldn't need to request a frame. Just schedule
-      // an event-loop callback.
-      scheduleFrame();
+      return _taskQueue.isNotEmpty;
     }
+    return false;
   }
 
   int _nextFrameCallbackId = 0; // positive
@@ -437,6 +522,11 @@ abstract class SchedulerBinding extends BindingBase {
   /// added.
   ///
   /// Post-frame callbacks cannot be unregistered. They are called exactly once.
+  ///
+  /// See also:
+  ///
+  ///  * [scheduleFrameCallback], which registers a callback for the start of
+  ///    the next frame.
   void addPostFrameCallback(FrameCallback callback) {
     _postFrameCallbacks.add(callback);
   }
@@ -473,6 +563,20 @@ abstract class SchedulerBinding extends BindingBase {
   SchedulerPhase get schedulerPhase => _schedulerPhase;
   SchedulerPhase _schedulerPhase = SchedulerPhase.idle;
 
+  /// Whether frames are currently being scheduled when [scheduleFrame] is called.
+  ///
+  /// This value depends on the value of the [lifecycleState].
+  bool get framesEnabled => _framesEnabled;
+
+  bool _framesEnabled = true;
+  void _setFramesEnabledState(bool enabled) {
+    if (_framesEnabled == enabled)
+      return;
+    _framesEnabled = enabled;
+    if (enabled)
+      scheduleFrame();
+  }
+
   /// Schedules a new frame using [scheduleFrame] if this object is not
   /// currently producing a frame.
   ///
@@ -494,10 +598,25 @@ abstract class SchedulerBinding extends BindingBase {
   /// another frame to be scheduled, even if the current frame has not yet
   /// completed.
   ///
+  /// Scheduled frames are serviced when triggered by a "Vsync" signal provided
+  /// by the operating system. The "Vsync" signal, or vertical synchronization
+  /// signal, was historically related to the display refresh, at a time when
+  /// hardware physically moved a beam of electrons vertically between updates
+  /// of the display. The operation of contemporary hardware is somewhat more
+  /// subtle and complicated, but the conceptual "Vsync" refresh signal continue
+  /// to be used to indicate when applications should update their rendering.
+  ///
   /// To have a stack trace printed to the console any time this function
   /// schedules a frame, set [debugPrintScheduleFrameStacks] to true.
+  ///
+  /// See also:
+  ///
+  ///  * [scheduleForcedFrame], which ignores the [lifecycleState] when
+  ///    scheduling a frame.
+  ///  * [scheduleWarmUpFrame], which ignores the "Vsync" signal entirely and
+  ///    triggers a frame immediately.
   void scheduleFrame() {
-    if (_hasScheduledFrame)
+    if (_hasScheduledFrame || !_framesEnabled)
       return;
     assert(() {
       if (debugPrintScheduleFrameStacks)
@@ -508,6 +627,76 @@ abstract class SchedulerBinding extends BindingBase {
     _hasScheduledFrame = true;
   }
 
+  /// Schedules a new frame by calling [Window.scheduleFrame].
+  ///
+  /// After this is called, the engine will call [handleBeginFrame], even if
+  /// frames would normally not be scheduled by [scheduleFrame] (e.g. even if
+  /// the device's screen is turned off).
+  ///
+  /// The framework uses this to force a frame to be rendered at the correct
+  /// size when the phone is rotated, so that a correctly-sized rendering is
+  /// available when the screen is turned back on.
+  ///
+  /// To have a stack trace printed to the console any time this function
+  /// schedules a frame, set [debugPrintScheduleFrameStacks] to true.
+  ///
+  /// Prefer using [scheduleFrame] unless it is imperative that a frame be
+  /// scheduled immediately, since using [scheduleForceFrame] will cause
+  /// significantly higher battery usage when the device should be idle.
+  ///
+  /// Consider using [scheduleWarmUpFrame] instead if the goal is to update the
+  /// rendering as soon as possible (e.g. at application startup).
+  void scheduleForcedFrame() {
+    if (_hasScheduledFrame)
+      return;
+    assert(() {
+      if (debugPrintScheduleFrameStacks)
+        debugPrintStack(label: 'scheduleForcedFrame() called. Current phase is $schedulerPhase.');
+      return true;
+    }());
+    ui.window.scheduleFrame();
+    _hasScheduledFrame = true;
+  }
+
+  bool _warmUpFrame = false;
+
+  /// Schedule a frame to run as soon as possible, rather than waiting for
+  /// the engine to request a frame in response to a system "Vsync" signal.
+  ///
+  /// This is used during application startup so that the first frame (which is
+  /// likely to be quite expensive) gets a few extra milliseconds to run.
+  ///
+  /// If a frame has already been scheduled with [scheduleFrame] or
+  /// [scheduleForcedFrame], this call may delay that frame.
+  ///
+  /// Prefer [scheduleFrame] to update the display in normal operation.
+  void scheduleWarmUpFrame() {
+    assert(!_warmUpFrame);
+    final bool hadScheduledFrame = _hasScheduledFrame;
+    _warmUpFrame = true;
+    // We use timers here to ensure that microtasks flush in between.
+    Timer.run(() {
+      assert(_warmUpFrame);
+      handleBeginFrame(null);
+    });
+    Timer.run(() {
+      assert(_warmUpFrame);
+      handleDrawFrame();
+      // We call resetEpoch after this frame so that, in the hot reload case,
+      // the very next frame pretends to have occurred immediately after this
+      // warm-up frame. The warm-up frame's timestamp will typically be far in
+      // the past (the time of the last real frame), so if we didn't reset the
+      // epoch we would see a sudden jump from the old time in the warm-up frame
+      // to the new time in the "real" frame. The biggest problem with this is
+      // that implicit animations end up being triggered at the old time and
+      // then skipping every frame and finishing in the new time.
+      resetEpoch();
+      _warmUpFrame = false;
+      if (hadScheduledFrame)
+        scheduleFrame();
+    });
+  }
+
   Duration _firstRawTimeStampInEpoch;
   Duration _epochStart = Duration.ZERO;
   Duration _lastRawTimeStamp = Duration.ZERO;
@@ -560,6 +749,24 @@ abstract class SchedulerBinding extends BindingBase {
   int _profileFrameNumber = 0;
   final Stopwatch _profileFrameStopwatch = new Stopwatch();
   String _debugBanner;
+  bool _ignoreNextEngineDrawFrame = false;
+
+  void _handleBeginFrame(Duration rawTimeStamp) {
+    if (_warmUpFrame) {
+      assert(!_ignoreNextEngineDrawFrame);
+      _ignoreNextEngineDrawFrame = true;
+      return;
+    }
+    handleBeginFrame(rawTimeStamp);
+  }
+
+  void _handleDrawFrame() {
+    if (_ignoreNextEngineDrawFrame) {
+      _ignoreNextEngineDrawFrame = false;
+      return;
+    }
+    handleDrawFrame();
+  }
 
   /// Called by the engine to prepare the framework to produce a new frame.
   ///
@@ -576,9 +783,9 @@ abstract class SchedulerBinding extends BindingBase {
   /// console using [debugPrint] and will contain the frame number (which
   /// increments by one for each frame), and the time stamp of the frame. If the
   /// given time stamp was null, then the string "warm-up frame" is shown
-  /// instead of the time stamp. This allows you to distinguish frames eagerly
-  /// pushed by the framework from those requested by the engine in response to
-  /// the vsync signal from the operating system.
+  /// instead of the time stamp. This allows frames eagerly pushed by the
+  /// framework to be distinguished from those requested by the engine in
+  /// response to the "Vsync" signal from the operating system.
   ///
   /// You can also show a banner at the end of every frame by setting
   /// [debugPrintEndFrameBanner] to true. This allows you to distinguish log
@@ -670,9 +877,6 @@ abstract class SchedulerBinding extends BindingBase {
       }());
       _currentFrameTimeStamp = null;
     }
-
-    // All frame-related callbacks have been executed. Run lower-priority tasks.
-    _runTasks();
   }
 
   void _profileFramePostEvent() {
@@ -707,7 +911,6 @@ abstract class SchedulerBinding extends BindingBase {
   void _invokeFrameCallback(FrameCallback callback, Duration timeStamp, [ StackTrace callbackStack ]) {
     assert(callback != null);
     assert(_FrameCallbackEntry.debugCurrentCallbackStack == null);
-    // TODO(ianh): Consider using a Zone instead to track the current callback registration stack
     assert(() { _FrameCallbackEntry.debugCurrentCallbackStack = callbackStack; return true; }());
     try {
       callback(timeStamp);

packages/flutter/lib/src/scheduler/ticker.dart

@@ -101,9 +101,21 @@ class Ticker {
   /// A ticker that is [muted] can be active (see [isActive]) yet not be
   /// ticking. In that case, the ticker will not call its callback, and
   /// [isTicking] will be false, but time will still be progressing.
-  // TODO(ianh): we should teach the scheduler binding about the lifecycle events
-  // and then this could return an accurate view of the actual scheduler.
-  bool get isTicking => _future != null && !muted;
+  ///
+  /// This will return false if the [Scheduler.lifecycleState] is one that
+  /// indicates the application is not currently visible (e.g. if the device's
+  /// screen is turned off).
+  bool get isTicking {
+    if (_future == null)
+      return false;
+    if (muted)
+      return false;
+    if (SchedulerBinding.instance.framesEnabled)
+      return true;
+    if (SchedulerBinding.instance.schedulerPhase != SchedulerPhase.idle)
+      return true; // for example, we might be in a warm-up frame or forced frame
+    return false;
+  }
 
   /// Whether time is elapsing for this [Ticker]. Becomes true when [start] is
   /// called and false when [stop] is called.

packages/flutter/lib/src/services/message_codec.dart

@@ -8,6 +8,8 @@ import 'package:flutter/foundation.dart';
 
 import 'platform_channel.dart';
 
+export 'dart:typed_data' show ByteData;
+
 /// A message encoding/decoding mechanism.
 ///
 /// Both operations throw an exception, if conversion fails. Such situations

packages/flutter/lib/src/widgets/binding.dart

@@ -231,7 +231,7 @@ abstract class WidgetsBindingObserver {
 }
 
 /// The glue between the widgets layer and the Flutter engine.
-abstract class WidgetsBinding extends BindingBase with GestureBinding, RendererBinding {
+abstract class WidgetsBinding extends BindingBase with SchedulerBinding, GestureBinding, RendererBinding {
   // This class is intended to be used as a mixin, and should not be
   // extended directly.
   factory WidgetsBinding._() => null;
@@ -243,7 +243,6 @@ abstract class WidgetsBinding extends BindingBase with GestureBinding, RendererB
     buildOwner.onBuildScheduled = _handleBuildScheduled;
     ui.window.onLocaleChanged = handleLocaleChanged;
     SystemChannels.navigation.setMethodCallHandler(_handleNavigationInvocation);
-    SystemChannels.lifecycle.setMessageHandler(_handleLifecycleMessage);
     SystemChannels.system.setMessageHandler(_handleSystemMessage);
   }
 
@@ -369,6 +368,8 @@ abstract class WidgetsBinding extends BindingBase with GestureBinding, RendererB
   /// Calls [dispatchLocaleChanged] to notify the binding observers.
   ///
   /// See [Window.onLocaleChanged].
+  @protected
+  @mustCallSuper
   void handleLocaleChanged() {
     dispatchLocaleChanged(ui.window.locale);
   }
@@ -379,6 +380,8 @@ abstract class WidgetsBinding extends BindingBase with GestureBinding, RendererB
   ///
   /// This is called by [handleLocaleChanged] when the [Window.onLocaleChanged]
   /// notification is received.
+  @protected
+  @mustCallSuper
   void dispatchLocaleChanged(Locale locale) {
     for (WidgetsBindingObserver observer in _observers)
       observer.didChangeLocale(locale);
@@ -398,6 +401,7 @@ abstract class WidgetsBinding extends BindingBase with GestureBinding, RendererB
   ///
   /// This method exposes the `popRoute` notification from
   /// [SystemChannels.navigation].
+  @protected
   Future<Null> handlePopRoute() async {
     for (WidgetsBindingObserver observer in new List<WidgetsBindingObserver>.from(_observers)) {
       if (await observer.didPopRoute())
@@ -416,6 +420,8 @@ abstract class WidgetsBinding extends BindingBase with GestureBinding, RendererB
   ///
   /// This method exposes the `pushRoute` notification from
   /// [SystemChannels.navigation].
+  @protected
+  @mustCallSuper
   Future<Null> handlePushRoute(String route) async {
     for (WidgetsBindingObserver observer in new List<WidgetsBindingObserver>.from(_observers)) {
       if (await observer.didPushRoute(route))
@@ -433,35 +439,13 @@ abstract class WidgetsBinding extends BindingBase with GestureBinding, RendererB
     return new Future<Null>.value();
   }
 
-  /// Called when the application lifecycle state changes.
-  ///
-  /// Notifies all the observers using
-  /// [WidgetsBindingObserver.didChangeAppLifecycleState].
-  ///
-  /// This method exposes notifications from [SystemChannels.lifecycle].
+  @override
   void handleAppLifecycleStateChanged(AppLifecycleState state) {
+    super.handleAppLifecycleStateChanged(state);
     for (WidgetsBindingObserver observer in _observers)
       observer.didChangeAppLifecycleState(state);
   }
 
-  Future<String> _handleLifecycleMessage(String message) async {
-    switch (message) {
-      case 'AppLifecycleState.paused':
-        handleAppLifecycleStateChanged(AppLifecycleState.paused);
-        break;
-      case 'AppLifecycleState.resumed':
-        handleAppLifecycleStateChanged(AppLifecycleState.resumed);
-        break;
-      case 'AppLifecycleState.inactive':
-        handleAppLifecycleStateChanged(AppLifecycleState.inactive);
-        break;
-      case 'AppLifecycleState.suspending':
-        handleAppLifecycleStateChanged(AppLifecycleState.suspending);
-        break;
-    }
-    return null;
-  }
-
   /// Called when the operating system notifies the application of a memory
   /// pressure situation.
   ///

packages/flutter/test/foundation/service_extensions_test.dart

@@ -40,9 +40,11 @@ class TestServiceExtensionsBinding extends BindingBase
   }
 
   int reassembled = 0;
+  bool pendingReassemble = false;
   @override
   Future<Null> performReassemble() {
     reassembled += 1;
+    pendingReassemble = true;
     return super.performReassemble();
   }
 
@@ -60,6 +62,17 @@ class TestServiceExtensionsBinding extends BindingBase
       ui.window.onDrawFrame();
   }
 
+  @override
+  void scheduleForcedFrame() {
+    expect(true, isFalse);
+  }
+
+  @override
+  void scheduleWarmUpFrame() {
+    expect(pendingReassemble, isTrue);
+    pendingReassemble = false;
+  }
+
   Future<Null> flushMicrotasks() {
     final Completer<Null> completer = new Completer<Null>();
     Timer.run(completer.complete);

packages/flutter/test/scheduler/animation_test.dart

@@ -4,11 +4,12 @@
 
 import 'package:flutter/foundation.dart';
 import 'package:flutter/scheduler.dart';
+import 'package:flutter/services.dart';
 import 'package:test/test.dart';
 
 import 'scheduler_tester.dart';
 
-class TestSchedulerBinding extends BindingBase with SchedulerBinding { }
+class TestSchedulerBinding extends BindingBase with ServicesBinding, SchedulerBinding { }
 
 void main() {
   final SchedulerBinding scheduler = new TestSchedulerBinding();

packages/flutter/test/scheduler/scheduler_test.dart

@@ -4,9 +4,10 @@
 
 import 'package:flutter/foundation.dart';
 import 'package:flutter/scheduler.dart';
+import 'package:flutter/services.dart';
 import 'package:test/test.dart';
 
-class TestSchedulerBinding extends BindingBase with SchedulerBinding { }
+class TestSchedulerBinding extends BindingBase with ServicesBinding, SchedulerBinding { }
 
 class TestStrategy {
   int allowedPriority = 10000;
@@ -32,20 +33,20 @@ void main() {
 
     strategy.allowedPriority = 100;
     for (int i = 0; i < 3; i += 1)
-      scheduler.handleEventLoopCallback();
+      expect(scheduler.handleEventLoopCallback(), isFalse);
     expect(executedTasks.isEmpty, isTrue);
 
     strategy.allowedPriority = 50;
     for (int i = 0; i < 3; i += 1)
-      scheduler.handleEventLoopCallback();
-    expect(executedTasks.length, equals(1));
+      expect(scheduler.handleEventLoopCallback(), i == 0 ? isTrue : isFalse);
+    expect(executedTasks, hasLength(1));
     expect(executedTasks.single, equals(80));
     executedTasks.clear();
 
     strategy.allowedPriority = 20;
     for (int i = 0; i < 3; i += 1)
-      scheduler.handleEventLoopCallback();
-    expect(executedTasks.length, equals(2));
+      expect(scheduler.handleEventLoopCallback(), i < 2 ? isTrue : isFalse);
+    expect(executedTasks, hasLength(2));
     expect(executedTasks[0], equals(23));
     expect(executedTasks[1], equals(23));
     executedTasks.clear();
@@ -55,32 +56,32 @@ void main() {
     scheduleAddingTask(5);
     scheduleAddingTask(97);
     for (int i = 0; i < 3; i += 1)
-      scheduler.handleEventLoopCallback();
-    expect(executedTasks.length, equals(2));
+      expect(scheduler.handleEventLoopCallback(), i < 2 ? isTrue : isFalse);
+    expect(executedTasks, hasLength(2));
     expect(executedTasks[0], equals(99));
     expect(executedTasks[1], equals(97));
     executedTasks.clear();
 
     strategy.allowedPriority = 10;
     for (int i = 0; i < 3; i += 1)
-      scheduler.handleEventLoopCallback();
-    expect(executedTasks.length, equals(2));
+      expect(scheduler.handleEventLoopCallback(), i < 2 ? isTrue : isFalse);
+    expect(executedTasks, hasLength(2));
     expect(executedTasks[0], equals(19));
     expect(executedTasks[1], equals(11));
     executedTasks.clear();
 
     strategy.allowedPriority = 1;
     for (int i = 0; i < 4; i += 1)
-      scheduler.handleEventLoopCallback();
-    expect(executedTasks.length, equals(3));
+      expect(scheduler.handleEventLoopCallback(), i < 3 ? isTrue : isFalse);
+    expect(executedTasks, hasLength(3));
     expect(executedTasks[0], equals(5));
     expect(executedTasks[1], equals(3));
     expect(executedTasks[2], equals(2));
     executedTasks.clear();
 
     strategy.allowedPriority = 0;
-    scheduler.handleEventLoopCallback();
-    expect(executedTasks.length, equals(1));
+    expect(scheduler.handleEventLoopCallback(), isFalse);
+    expect(executedTasks, hasLength(1));
     expect(executedTasks[0], equals(0));
   });
 }

packages/flutter/test/scheduler/ticker_test.dart

@@ -3,13 +3,14 @@
 // found in the LICENSE file.
 
 import 'package:flutter/scheduler.dart';
+import 'package:flutter/services.dart';
 import 'package:flutter_test/flutter_test.dart';
 
 void main() {
   testWidgets('Ticker mute control test', (WidgetTester tester) async {
     int tickCount = 0;
     void handleTick(Duration duration) {
-      ++tickCount;
+      tickCount += 1;
     }
 
     final Ticker ticker = new Ticker(handleTick);
@@ -81,4 +82,25 @@ void main() {
     expect(ticker, hasOneLineDescription);
     expect(ticker.toString(debugIncludeStack: true), contains('testFunction'));
   });
+
+  testWidgets('Ticker stops ticking when application is paused', (WidgetTester tester) async {
+    int tickCount = 0;
+    void handleTick(Duration duration) {
+      tickCount += 1;
+    }
+
+    final Ticker ticker = new Ticker(handleTick);
+    ticker.start();
+
+    expect(ticker.isTicking, isTrue);
+    expect(ticker.isActive, isTrue);
+    expect(tickCount, equals(0));
+
+    final ByteData message = const StringCodec().encodeMessage('AppLifecycleState.paused');
+    await BinaryMessages.handlePlatformMessage('flutter/lifecycle', message, (_) {});
+    expect(ticker.isTicking, isFalse);
+    expect(ticker.isActive, isTrue);
+
+    ticker.stop();
+  });
 }

packages/flutter/test/widgets/binding_test.dart

@@ -84,4 +84,56 @@ void main() {
 
     WidgetsBinding.instance.removeObserver(observer);
   });
+
+  testWidgets('Application lifecycle affects frame scheduling', (WidgetTester tester) async {
+    ByteData message;
+    expect(tester.binding.hasScheduledFrame, isFalse);
+
+    message = const StringCodec().encodeMessage('AppLifecycleState.paused');
+    await BinaryMessages.handlePlatformMessage('flutter/lifecycle', message, (_) {});
+    expect(tester.binding.hasScheduledFrame, isFalse);
+
+    message = const StringCodec().encodeMessage('AppLifecycleState.resumed');
+    await BinaryMessages.handlePlatformMessage('flutter/lifecycle', message, (_) {});
+    expect(tester.binding.hasScheduledFrame, isTrue);
+    await tester.pump();
+    expect(tester.binding.hasScheduledFrame, isFalse);
+
+    message = const StringCodec().encodeMessage('AppLifecycleState.inactive');
+    await BinaryMessages.handlePlatformMessage('flutter/lifecycle', message, (_) {});
+    expect(tester.binding.hasScheduledFrame, isFalse);
+
+    message = const StringCodec().encodeMessage('AppLifecycleState.suspending');
+    await BinaryMessages.handlePlatformMessage('flutter/lifecycle', message, (_) {});
+    expect(tester.binding.hasScheduledFrame, isFalse);
+
+    message = const StringCodec().encodeMessage('AppLifecycleState.inactive');
+    await BinaryMessages.handlePlatformMessage('flutter/lifecycle', message, (_) {});
+    expect(tester.binding.hasScheduledFrame, isTrue);
+    await tester.pump();
+    expect(tester.binding.hasScheduledFrame, isFalse);
+
+    message = const StringCodec().encodeMessage('AppLifecycleState.paused');
+    await BinaryMessages.handlePlatformMessage('flutter/lifecycle', message, (_) {});
+    expect(tester.binding.hasScheduledFrame, isFalse);
+
+    tester.binding.scheduleFrame();
+    expect(tester.binding.hasScheduledFrame, isFalse);
+
+    tester.binding.scheduleForcedFrame();
+    expect(tester.binding.hasScheduledFrame, isTrue);
+    await tester.pump();
+    expect(tester.binding.hasScheduledFrame, isFalse);
+
+    int frameCount = 0;
+    tester.binding.addPostFrameCallback((Duration duration) { frameCount += 1; });
+    expect(tester.binding.hasScheduledFrame, isFalse);
+    await tester.pump(const Duration(milliseconds: 1));
+    expect(tester.binding.hasScheduledFrame, isFalse);
+    expect(frameCount, 0);
+
+    tester.binding.scheduleWarmUpFrame(); // this actually tests flutter_test's implementation
+    expect(tester.binding.hasScheduledFrame, isFalse);
+    expect(frameCount, 1);
+  });
 }

packages/flutter_test/lib/src/binding.dart

@@ -583,6 +583,7 @@ class AutomatedTestWidgetsFlutterBinding extends TestWidgetsFlutterBinding {
     handleBeginFrame(null);
     _fakeAsync.flushMicrotasks();
     handleDrawFrame();
+    _fakeAsync.flushMicrotasks();
   }
 
   @override
@@ -829,6 +830,13 @@ class LiveTestWidgetsFlutterBinding extends TestWidgetsFlutterBinding {
     super.scheduleFrame();
   }
 
+  @override
+  void scheduleForcedFrame() {
+    if (framePolicy == LiveTestWidgetsFlutterBindingFramePolicy.benchmark)
+      return; // In benchmark mode, don't actually schedule any engine frames.
+    super.scheduleForcedFrame();
+  }
+
   bool _doDrawThisFrame;
 
   @override

packages/flutter_tools/test/commands/test_test.dart

@@ -38,6 +38,11 @@ void main() {
       return _testFile('test_async_utils_unguarded', automatedTestsDirectory, flutterTestDirectory);
     });
 
+    testUsingContext('report a nice error when a Ticker is left running', () async {
+      Cache.flutterRoot = '../..';
+      return _testFile('ticker', automatedTestsDirectory, flutterTestDirectory);
+    });
+
     testUsingContext('report a nice error when a pubspec.yaml is missing a flutter_test dependency', () async {
       final String missingDependencyTests = fs.path.join('..', '..', 'dev', 'missing_dependency_tests');
       Cache.flutterRoot = '../..';